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to concede something, or whether he (the questioner) has first reached it by a
plausible induction based upon the thesis and then tries to demolish it. The
remaining case is when the point to which the discussion comes to be directed
is neither really nor apparently necessary, and it is the answererâs luck to be
confuted on a mere side issue You should beware of the last of the aforesaid
methods; for it appears to be wholly disconnected from, and foreign to, the art
of dialectic. For this reason, moreover, the answerer should not lose his
temper, but assent to those statements that are of no use in attacking the
thesis, adding an indication whenever he assents although he does not agree
with the view. For, as a rule, it increases the confusion of questioners if, after
all propositions of this kind have been granted them, they can then draw no
conclusion.
Moreover, any one who has made any statement whatever has in a certain
sense made several statements, inasmuch as each statement has a number of
necessary consequences: e.g. the man who said âX is a manâ has also said that
it is an animal and that it is animate and a biped and capable of acquiring
reason and knowledge, so that by the demolition of any single one of these
consequences, of whatever kind, the original statement is demolished as well.
But you should beware here too of making a change to a more difficult
subject: for sometimes the consequence, and sometimes the original thesis, is
the easier to demolish.
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6
In regard to subjects which must have one and one only of two predicates,
as (e.g.) a man must have either a disease or health, supposing we are well
supplied as regards the one for arguing its presence or absence, we shall be
well equipped as regards the remaining one as well. This rule is convertible
for both purposes: for when we have shown that the one attribute belongs, we
shall have shown that the remaining one does not belong; while if we show
that the one does not belong, we shall have shown that the remaining one does
belong. Clearly then the rule is useful for both purposes.
Moreover, you may devise a line of attack by reinterpreting a term in its
literal meaning, with the implication that it is most fitting so to take it rather
than in its established meaning: e.g. the expression âstrong at heartâ will
suggest not the courageous man, according to the use now established, but the
man the state of whose heart is strong; just as also the expression âof a good
hopeâ may be taken to mean the man who hopes for good things. Likewise
228
zurĂŒck zum
Buch The Complete Aristotle"
The Complete Aristotle
- Titel
- The Complete Aristotle
- Autor
- Aristotle
- Datum
- ~322 B.C.
- Sprache
- englisch
- Lizenz
- PD
- Abmessungen
- 21.0 x 29.7 cm
- Seiten
- 2328
- Schlagwörter
- Philosophy, Antique, Philosophie, Antike, Dialogues, Metaphysik, Metaphysics, Ideologie, Ideology, Englisch
- Kategorien
- Geisteswissenschaften
- International
Inhaltsverzeichnis
- Part 1; Logic (Organon) 3
- Categories 4
- On Interpretation 34
- Prior Analytics, Book I 56
- Prior Analytics, Book II 113
- Posterior Analytics, Book I 149
- Posterior Analytics, Book II 193
- Topics, Book I 218
- Topics, Book II 221
- Topics, Book III 237
- Topics, Book IV 248
- Topics, Book V 266
- Topics, Book VI 291
- Topics, Book VII 317
- Topics, Book VIII 326
- On Sophistical Refutations 348
- Part 2; Universal Physics 396
- Physics, Book I 397
- Physics, Book II 415
- Physics, Book III 432
- Physics, Book IV 449
- Physics, Book V 481
- Physics, Book VI 496
- Physics, Book VII 519
- Physics, Book VIII 533
- On the Heavens, Book I 570
- On the Heavens, Book II 599
- On the Heavens, Book III 624
- On the Heavens, Book IV 640
- On Generation and Corruption, Book I 651
- On Generation and Corruption, Book II 685
- Meteorology, Book I 707
- Meteorology, Book II 733
- Meteorology, Book III 760
- Meteorology, Book IV 773
- Part 3; Human Physics 795
- On the Soul, Book I 796
- On the Soul, Book II 815
- On the Soul, Book III 840
- On Sense and the Sensible 861
- On Memory and Reminiscence 889
- On Sleep and Sleeplessness 899
- On Dreams 909
- On Prophesying by Dreams 918
- On Longevity and the Shortness of Life 923
- On Youth, Old Age, Life and Death, and Respiration 929
- Part 4; Animal Physics 952
- The History of Animals, Book I 953
- The History of Animals, Book II translated 977
- The History of Animals, Book III 1000
- The History of Animals, Book IV 1029
- The History of Animals, Book V 1056
- The History of Animals, Book VI 1094
- The History of Animals, Book VII 1135
- The History of Animals, Book VIII 1150
- The History of Animals, Book IX 1186
- On the Parts of Animals, Book I 1234
- On the Parts of Animals, Book II 1249
- On the Parts of Animals, Book III 1281
- On the Parts of Animals, Book IV 1311
- On the Motion of Animals 1351
- On the Gait of Animals 1363
- On the Generation of Animals, Book I 1381
- On the Generation of Animals, Book II 1412
- On the Generation of Animals, Book III 1444
- On the Generation of Animals, Book IV 1469
- On the Generation of Animals, Book V 1496
- Part 5; Metaphysics 1516
- Part 6; Ethics and Politics 1748
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book I 1749
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book II 1766
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book III 1779
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book IV 1799
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book V 1817
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VI 1836
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VII 1851
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VIII 1872
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book IX 1890
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book X 1907
- Politics, Book I 1925
- Politics, Book II 1943
- Politics, Book III 1970
- Politics, Book IV 1997
- Politics, Book V 2023
- Politics, Book VI 2053
- Politics, Book VII 2065
- Politics, Book VIII 2091
- The Athenian Constitution 2102
- Part 7; Aesthetic Writings 2156