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between a productive agent and an end we can decide by a proportional sum
whenever the excess of the one end over the other is greater than that of the
latter over its own productive means: e.g. supposing the excess of happiness
over health to be greater than that of health over what produces health, then
what produces happiness is better than health. For what produces happiness
exceeds what produces health just as much as happiness exceeds health. But
health exceeds what produces health by a smaller amount; ergo, the excess of
what produces happiness over what produces health is greater than that of
health over what produces health. Clearly, therefore, what produces happiness
is more desirable than health: for it exceeds the same standard by a greater
amount. Moreover, what is in itself nobler and more precious and
praiseworthy is more desirable than what is less so, e.g. friendship than
wealth, and justice than strength. For the former belong in themselves to the
class of things precious and praiseworthy, while the latter do so not in
themselves but for something else: for no one prizes wealth for itself but
always for something else, whereas we prize friendship for itself, even though
nothing else is likely to come to us from it.
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2
Moreover, whenever two things are very much like one another, and we
cannot see any superiority in the one over the other of them, we should look
at them from the standpoint of their consequences. For the one which is
followed by the greater good is the more desirable: or, if the consequences be
evil, that is more desirable which is followed by the less evil. For though both
may be desirable, yet there may possibly be some unpleasant consequence
involved to turn the scale. Our survey from the point of view of consequences
lies in two directions, for there are prior consequences and later
consequences: e.g. if a man learns, it follows that he was ignorant before and
knows afterwards. As a rule, the later consequence is the better to consider.
You should take, therefore, whichever of the consequences suits your
purpose.
Moreover, a greater number of good things is more desirable than a smaller,
either absolutely or when the one is included in the other, viz. the smaller
number in the greater. An objection may be raised suppose in some particular
case the one is valued for the sake of the other; for then the two together are
not more desirable than the one; e.g. recovery of health and health, than
health alone, inasmuch as we desire recovery of health for the sake of health.
239
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Buch The Complete Aristotle"
The Complete Aristotle
- Titel
- The Complete Aristotle
- Autor
- Aristotle
- Datum
- ~322 B.C.
- Sprache
- englisch
- Lizenz
- PD
- Abmessungen
- 21.0 x 29.7 cm
- Seiten
- 2328
- Schlagwörter
- Philosophy, Antique, Philosophie, Antike, Dialogues, Metaphysik, Metaphysics, Ideologie, Ideology, Englisch
- Kategorien
- Geisteswissenschaften
- International
Inhaltsverzeichnis
- Part 1; Logic (Organon) 3
- Categories 4
- On Interpretation 34
- Prior Analytics, Book I 56
- Prior Analytics, Book II 113
- Posterior Analytics, Book I 149
- Posterior Analytics, Book II 193
- Topics, Book I 218
- Topics, Book II 221
- Topics, Book III 237
- Topics, Book IV 248
- Topics, Book V 266
- Topics, Book VI 291
- Topics, Book VII 317
- Topics, Book VIII 326
- On Sophistical Refutations 348
- Part 2; Universal Physics 396
- Physics, Book I 397
- Physics, Book II 415
- Physics, Book III 432
- Physics, Book IV 449
- Physics, Book V 481
- Physics, Book VI 496
- Physics, Book VII 519
- Physics, Book VIII 533
- On the Heavens, Book I 570
- On the Heavens, Book II 599
- On the Heavens, Book III 624
- On the Heavens, Book IV 640
- On Generation and Corruption, Book I 651
- On Generation and Corruption, Book II 685
- Meteorology, Book I 707
- Meteorology, Book II 733
- Meteorology, Book III 760
- Meteorology, Book IV 773
- Part 3; Human Physics 795
- On the Soul, Book I 796
- On the Soul, Book II 815
- On the Soul, Book III 840
- On Sense and the Sensible 861
- On Memory and Reminiscence 889
- On Sleep and Sleeplessness 899
- On Dreams 909
- On Prophesying by Dreams 918
- On Longevity and the Shortness of Life 923
- On Youth, Old Age, Life and Death, and Respiration 929
- Part 4; Animal Physics 952
- The History of Animals, Book I 953
- The History of Animals, Book II translated 977
- The History of Animals, Book III 1000
- The History of Animals, Book IV 1029
- The History of Animals, Book V 1056
- The History of Animals, Book VI 1094
- The History of Animals, Book VII 1135
- The History of Animals, Book VIII 1150
- The History of Animals, Book IX 1186
- On the Parts of Animals, Book I 1234
- On the Parts of Animals, Book II 1249
- On the Parts of Animals, Book III 1281
- On the Parts of Animals, Book IV 1311
- On the Motion of Animals 1351
- On the Gait of Animals 1363
- On the Generation of Animals, Book I 1381
- On the Generation of Animals, Book II 1412
- On the Generation of Animals, Book III 1444
- On the Generation of Animals, Book IV 1469
- On the Generation of Animals, Book V 1496
- Part 5; Metaphysics 1516
- Part 6; Ethics and Politics 1748
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book I 1749
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book II 1766
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book III 1779
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book IV 1799
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book V 1817
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VI 1836
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VII 1851
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VIII 1872
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book IX 1890
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book X 1907
- Politics, Book I 1925
- Politics, Book II 1943
- Politics, Book III 1970
- Politics, Book IV 1997
- Politics, Book V 2023
- Politics, Book VI 2053
- Politics, Book VII 2065
- Politics, Book VIII 2091
- The Athenian Constitution 2102
- Part 7; Aesthetic Writings 2156