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an absolutely-apparently-good or pleasant would be an absurdity.
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Moreover, if the definition be of the state of anything, look at what is in the
state, while if it be of what is in the state, look at the state: and likewise also
in other cases of the kind. Thus if the pleasant be identical with the beneficial,
then, too, the man who is pleased is benefited. Speaking generally, in
definitions of this sort it happens that what the definer defines is in a sense
more than one thing: for in defining knowledge, a man in a sense defines
ignorance as well, and likewise also what has knowledge and what lacks it,
and what it is to know and to be ignorant. For if the first be made clear, the
others become in a certain sense clear as well. We have, then, to be on our
guard in all such cases against discrepancy, using the elementary principles
drawn from consideration of contraries and of coordinates.
Moreover, in the case of relative terms, see if the species is rendered as
relative to a species of that to which the genus is rendered as relative, e.g.
supposing belief to be relative to some object of belief, see whether a
particular belief is made relative to some particular object of belief: and, if a
multiple be relative to a fraction, see whether a particular multiple be made
relative to a particular fraction. For if it be not so rendered, clearly a mistake
has been made.
See, also, if the opposite of the term has the opposite definition, whether
(e.g.) the definition of âhalfâ is the opposite of that of âdoubleâ: for if âdoubleâ
is âthat which exceeds another by an equal amount to that otherâ, âhalfâ is
âthat which is exceeded by an amount equal to itselfâ. In the same way, too,
with contraries. For to the contrary term will apply the definition that is
contrary in some one of the ways in which contraries are conjoined. Thus
(e.g.) if âusefulâ=âproductive of goodâ, âinjuriousâ=productive of evilâ or
âdestructive of goodâ, for one or the other of thee is bound to be contrary to
the term originally used. Suppose, then, neither of these things to be the
contrary of the term originally used, then clearly neither of the definitions
rendered later could be the definition of the contrary of the term originally
defined: and therefore the definition originally rendered of the original term
has not been rightly rendered either. Seeing, moreover, that of contraries, the
one is sometimes a word forced to denote the privation of the other, as (e.g.)
inequality is generally held to be the privation of equality (for âunequalâ
merely describes things that are not equalâ), it is therefore clear that that
307
zurĂŒck zum
Buch The Complete Aristotle"
The Complete Aristotle
- Titel
- The Complete Aristotle
- Autor
- Aristotle
- Datum
- ~322 B.C.
- Sprache
- englisch
- Lizenz
- PD
- Abmessungen
- 21.0 x 29.7 cm
- Seiten
- 2328
- Schlagwörter
- Philosophy, Antique, Philosophie, Antike, Dialogues, Metaphysik, Metaphysics, Ideologie, Ideology, Englisch
- Kategorien
- Geisteswissenschaften
- International
Inhaltsverzeichnis
- Part 1; Logic (Organon) 3
- Categories 4
- On Interpretation 34
- Prior Analytics, Book I 56
- Prior Analytics, Book II 113
- Posterior Analytics, Book I 149
- Posterior Analytics, Book II 193
- Topics, Book I 218
- Topics, Book II 221
- Topics, Book III 237
- Topics, Book IV 248
- Topics, Book V 266
- Topics, Book VI 291
- Topics, Book VII 317
- Topics, Book VIII 326
- On Sophistical Refutations 348
- Part 2; Universal Physics 396
- Physics, Book I 397
- Physics, Book II 415
- Physics, Book III 432
- Physics, Book IV 449
- Physics, Book V 481
- Physics, Book VI 496
- Physics, Book VII 519
- Physics, Book VIII 533
- On the Heavens, Book I 570
- On the Heavens, Book II 599
- On the Heavens, Book III 624
- On the Heavens, Book IV 640
- On Generation and Corruption, Book I 651
- On Generation and Corruption, Book II 685
- Meteorology, Book I 707
- Meteorology, Book II 733
- Meteorology, Book III 760
- Meteorology, Book IV 773
- Part 3; Human Physics 795
- On the Soul, Book I 796
- On the Soul, Book II 815
- On the Soul, Book III 840
- On Sense and the Sensible 861
- On Memory and Reminiscence 889
- On Sleep and Sleeplessness 899
- On Dreams 909
- On Prophesying by Dreams 918
- On Longevity and the Shortness of Life 923
- On Youth, Old Age, Life and Death, and Respiration 929
- Part 4; Animal Physics 952
- The History of Animals, Book I 953
- The History of Animals, Book II translated 977
- The History of Animals, Book III 1000
- The History of Animals, Book IV 1029
- The History of Animals, Book V 1056
- The History of Animals, Book VI 1094
- The History of Animals, Book VII 1135
- The History of Animals, Book VIII 1150
- The History of Animals, Book IX 1186
- On the Parts of Animals, Book I 1234
- On the Parts of Animals, Book II 1249
- On the Parts of Animals, Book III 1281
- On the Parts of Animals, Book IV 1311
- On the Motion of Animals 1351
- On the Gait of Animals 1363
- On the Generation of Animals, Book I 1381
- On the Generation of Animals, Book II 1412
- On the Generation of Animals, Book III 1444
- On the Generation of Animals, Book IV 1469
- On the Generation of Animals, Book V 1496
- Part 5; Metaphysics 1516
- Part 6; Ethics and Politics 1748
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book I 1749
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book II 1766
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book III 1779
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book IV 1799
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book V 1817
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VI 1836
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VII 1851
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VIII 1872
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book IX 1890
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book X 1907
- Politics, Book I 1925
- Politics, Book II 1943
- Politics, Book III 1970
- Politics, Book IV 1997
- Politics, Book V 2023
- Politics, Book VI 2053
- Politics, Book VII 2065
- Politics, Book VIII 2091
- The Athenian Constitution 2102
- Part 7; Aesthetic Writings 2156