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either real or apparent, shows ill-temper. If, then, a man refuses to grant the
universal when supported by many instances, although he has no negative
instance to show, he obviously shows ill-temper. If, moreover, he cannot even
attempt a counter-proof that it is not true, far more likely is he to be thought
ill-tempered-although even counter-proof is not enough: for we often hear
arguments that are contrary to common opinions, whose solution is yet
difficult, e.g. the argument of Zeno that it is impossible to move or to traverse
the stadium;-but still, this is no reason for omitting to assert the opposites of
these views. If, then, a man refuses to admit the proposition without having
either a negative instance or some counter-argument to bring against it,
clearly he is ill-tempered: for ill-temper in argument consists in answering in
ways other than the above, so as to wreck the reasoning.
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9
Before maintaining either a thesis or a definition the answerer should try
his hand at attacking it by himself; for clearly his business is to oppose those
positions from which questioners demolish what he has laid down.
He should beware of maintaining a hypothesis that is generally rejected:
and this it may be in two ways: for it may be one which results in absurd
statements, e.g. suppose any one were to say that everything is in motion or
that nothing is; and also there are all those which only a bad character would
choose, and which are implicitly opposed to menâs wishes, e.g. that pleasure
is the good, and that to do injustice is better than to suffer it. For people then
hate him, supposing him to maintain them not for the sake of argument but
because he really thinks them.
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10
Of all arguments that reason to a false conclusion the right solution is to
demolish the point on which the fallacy that occurs depends: for the
demolition of any random point is no solution, even though the point
demolished be false. For the argument may contain many falsehoods, e.g.
suppose some one to secure the premisses, âHe who sits, writesâ and âSocrates
is sittingâ: for from these it follows that âSocrates is writingâ. Now we may
338
zurĂŒck zum
Buch The Complete Aristotle"
The Complete Aristotle
- Titel
- The Complete Aristotle
- Autor
- Aristotle
- Datum
- ~322 B.C.
- Sprache
- englisch
- Lizenz
- PD
- Abmessungen
- 21.0 x 29.7 cm
- Seiten
- 2328
- Schlagwörter
- Philosophy, Antique, Philosophie, Antike, Dialogues, Metaphysik, Metaphysics, Ideologie, Ideology, Englisch
- Kategorien
- Geisteswissenschaften
- International
Inhaltsverzeichnis
- Part 1; Logic (Organon) 3
- Categories 4
- On Interpretation 34
- Prior Analytics, Book I 56
- Prior Analytics, Book II 113
- Posterior Analytics, Book I 149
- Posterior Analytics, Book II 193
- Topics, Book I 218
- Topics, Book II 221
- Topics, Book III 237
- Topics, Book IV 248
- Topics, Book V 266
- Topics, Book VI 291
- Topics, Book VII 317
- Topics, Book VIII 326
- On Sophistical Refutations 348
- Part 2; Universal Physics 396
- Physics, Book I 397
- Physics, Book II 415
- Physics, Book III 432
- Physics, Book IV 449
- Physics, Book V 481
- Physics, Book VI 496
- Physics, Book VII 519
- Physics, Book VIII 533
- On the Heavens, Book I 570
- On the Heavens, Book II 599
- On the Heavens, Book III 624
- On the Heavens, Book IV 640
- On Generation and Corruption, Book I 651
- On Generation and Corruption, Book II 685
- Meteorology, Book I 707
- Meteorology, Book II 733
- Meteorology, Book III 760
- Meteorology, Book IV 773
- Part 3; Human Physics 795
- On the Soul, Book I 796
- On the Soul, Book II 815
- On the Soul, Book III 840
- On Sense and the Sensible 861
- On Memory and Reminiscence 889
- On Sleep and Sleeplessness 899
- On Dreams 909
- On Prophesying by Dreams 918
- On Longevity and the Shortness of Life 923
- On Youth, Old Age, Life and Death, and Respiration 929
- Part 4; Animal Physics 952
- The History of Animals, Book I 953
- The History of Animals, Book II translated 977
- The History of Animals, Book III 1000
- The History of Animals, Book IV 1029
- The History of Animals, Book V 1056
- The History of Animals, Book VI 1094
- The History of Animals, Book VII 1135
- The History of Animals, Book VIII 1150
- The History of Animals, Book IX 1186
- On the Parts of Animals, Book I 1234
- On the Parts of Animals, Book II 1249
- On the Parts of Animals, Book III 1281
- On the Parts of Animals, Book IV 1311
- On the Motion of Animals 1351
- On the Gait of Animals 1363
- On the Generation of Animals, Book I 1381
- On the Generation of Animals, Book II 1412
- On the Generation of Animals, Book III 1444
- On the Generation of Animals, Book IV 1469
- On the Generation of Animals, Book V 1496
- Part 5; Metaphysics 1516
- Part 6; Ethics and Politics 1748
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book I 1749
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book II 1766
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book III 1779
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book IV 1799
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book V 1817
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VI 1836
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VII 1851
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VIII 1872
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book IX 1890
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book X 1907
- Politics, Book I 1925
- Politics, Book II 1943
- Politics, Book III 1970
- Politics, Book IV 1997
- Politics, Book V 2023
- Politics, Book VI 2053
- Politics, Book VII 2065
- Politics, Book VIII 2091
- The Athenian Constitution 2102
- Part 7; Aesthetic Writings 2156