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therefore proposed for our treatise not only the aforesaid aim of being able to
exact an account of any view, but also the aim of ensuring that in standing up
to an argument we shall defend our thesis in the same manner by means of
views as generally held as possible. The reason of this we have explained; for
this, too, was why Socrates used to ask questions and not to answer them; for
he used to confess that he did not know. We have made clear, in the course of
what precedes, the number both of the points with reference to which, and of
the materials from which, this will be accomplished, and also from what
sources we can become well supplied with these: we have shown, moreover,
how to question or arrange the questioning as a whole, and the problems
concerning the answers and solutions to be used against the reasonings of the
questioner. We have also cleared up the problems concerning all other matters
that belong to the same inquiry into arguments. In addition to this we have
been through the subject of Fallacies, as we have already stated above.
That our programme, then, has been adequately completed is clear. But we
must not omit to notice what has happened in regard to this inquiry. For in the
case of all discoveries the results of previous labours that have been handed
down from others have been advanced bit by bit by those who have taken
them on, whereas the original discoveries generally make advance that is
small at first though much more useful than the development which later
springs out of them. For it may be that in everything, as the saying is, ‘the
first start is the main part’: and for this reason also it is the most difficult; for
in proportion as it is most potent in its influence, so it is smallest in its
compass and therefore most difficult to see: whereas when this is once
discovered, it is easier to add and develop the remainder in connexion with it.
This is in fact what has happened in regard to rhetorical speeches and to
practically all the other arts: for those who discovered the beginnings of them
advanced them in all only a little way, whereas the celebrities of to-day are
the heirs (so to speak) of a long succession of men who have advanced them
bit by bit, and so have developed them to their present form, Tisias coming
next after the first founders, then Thrasymachus after Tisias, and Theodorus
next to him, while several people have made their several contributions to it:
and therefore it is not to be wondered at that the art has attained considerable
dimensions. Of this inquiry, on the other hand, it was not the case that part of
the work had been thoroughly done before, while part had not. Nothing
existed at all. For the training given by the paid professors of contentious
arguments was like the treatment of the matter by Gorgias. For they used to
hand out speeches to be learned by heart, some rhetorical, others in the form
of question and answer, each side supposing that their arguments on either
side generally fall among them. And therefore the teaching they gave their
pupils was ready but rough. For they used to suppose that they trained people
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Buch The Complete Aristotle"
The Complete Aristotle
- Titel
- The Complete Aristotle
- Autor
- Aristotle
- Datum
- ~322 B.C.
- Sprache
- englisch
- Lizenz
- PD
- Abmessungen
- 21.0 x 29.7 cm
- Seiten
- 2328
- Schlagwörter
- Philosophy, Antique, Philosophie, Antike, Dialogues, Metaphysik, Metaphysics, Ideologie, Ideology, Englisch
- Kategorien
- Geisteswissenschaften
- International
Inhaltsverzeichnis
- Part 1; Logic (Organon) 3
- Categories 4
- On Interpretation 34
- Prior Analytics, Book I 56
- Prior Analytics, Book II 113
- Posterior Analytics, Book I 149
- Posterior Analytics, Book II 193
- Topics, Book I 218
- Topics, Book II 221
- Topics, Book III 237
- Topics, Book IV 248
- Topics, Book V 266
- Topics, Book VI 291
- Topics, Book VII 317
- Topics, Book VIII 326
- On Sophistical Refutations 348
- Part 2; Universal Physics 396
- Physics, Book I 397
- Physics, Book II 415
- Physics, Book III 432
- Physics, Book IV 449
- Physics, Book V 481
- Physics, Book VI 496
- Physics, Book VII 519
- Physics, Book VIII 533
- On the Heavens, Book I 570
- On the Heavens, Book II 599
- On the Heavens, Book III 624
- On the Heavens, Book IV 640
- On Generation and Corruption, Book I 651
- On Generation and Corruption, Book II 685
- Meteorology, Book I 707
- Meteorology, Book II 733
- Meteorology, Book III 760
- Meteorology, Book IV 773
- Part 3; Human Physics 795
- On the Soul, Book I 796
- On the Soul, Book II 815
- On the Soul, Book III 840
- On Sense and the Sensible 861
- On Memory and Reminiscence 889
- On Sleep and Sleeplessness 899
- On Dreams 909
- On Prophesying by Dreams 918
- On Longevity and the Shortness of Life 923
- On Youth, Old Age, Life and Death, and Respiration 929
- Part 4; Animal Physics 952
- The History of Animals, Book I 953
- The History of Animals, Book II translated 977
- The History of Animals, Book III 1000
- The History of Animals, Book IV 1029
- The History of Animals, Book V 1056
- The History of Animals, Book VI 1094
- The History of Animals, Book VII 1135
- The History of Animals, Book VIII 1150
- The History of Animals, Book IX 1186
- On the Parts of Animals, Book I 1234
- On the Parts of Animals, Book II 1249
- On the Parts of Animals, Book III 1281
- On the Parts of Animals, Book IV 1311
- On the Motion of Animals 1351
- On the Gait of Animals 1363
- On the Generation of Animals, Book I 1381
- On the Generation of Animals, Book II 1412
- On the Generation of Animals, Book III 1444
- On the Generation of Animals, Book IV 1469
- On the Generation of Animals, Book V 1496
- Part 5; Metaphysics 1516
- Part 6; Ethics and Politics 1748
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book I 1749
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book II 1766
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book III 1779
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book IV 1799
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book V 1817
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VI 1836
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VII 1851
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VIII 1872
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book IX 1890
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book X 1907
- Politics, Book I 1925
- Politics, Book II 1943
- Politics, Book III 1970
- Politics, Book IV 1997
- Politics, Book V 2023
- Politics, Book VI 2053
- Politics, Book VII 2065
- Politics, Book VIII 2091
- The Athenian Constitution 2102
- Part 7; Aesthetic Writings 2156