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Now change from non-subject to subject, the relation being that of
contradiction, is ‘coming to be’-’unqualified coming to be’ when the change
takes place in an unqualified way, ‘particular coming to be’ when the change
is change in a particular character: for instance, a change from not-white to
white is a coming to be of the particular thing, white, while change from
unqualified not-being to being is coming to be in an unqualified way, in
respect of which we say that a thing ‘comes to be’ without qualification, not
that it ‘comes to be’ some particular thing. Change from subject to non-
subject is ‘perishing’-’unqualified perishing’ when the change is from being
to not-being, ‘particular perishing’ when the change is to the opposite
negation, the distinction being the same as that made in the case of coming to
be.
Now the expression ‘not-being’ is used in several senses: and there can be
motion neither of that which ‘is not’ in respect of the affirmation or negation
of a predicate, nor of that which ‘is not’ in the sense that it only potentially
‘is’, that is to say the opposite of that which actually ‘is’ in an unqualified
sense: for although that which is ‘not-white’ or ‘not-good’ may nevertheless
he in motion accidentally (for example that which is ‘not-white’ might be a
man), yet that which is without qualification ‘not-so-and-so’ cannot in any
sense be in motion: therefore it is impossible for that which is not to be in
motion. This being so, it follows that ‘becoming’ cannot be a motion: for it is
that which ‘is not’ that ‘becomes’. For however true it may be that it
accidentally ‘becomes’, it is nevertheless correct to say that it is that which ‘is
not’ that in an unqualified sense ‘becomes’. And similarly it is impossible for
that which ‘is not’ to be at rest.
There are these difficulties, then, in the way of the assumption that that
which ‘is not’ can be in motion: and it may be further objected that, whereas
everything which is in motion is in space, that which ‘is not’ is not in space:
for then it would be somewhere.
So, too, ‘perishing’ is not a motion: for a motion has for its contrary either
another motion or rest, whereas ‘perishing’ is the contrary of ‘becoming’.
Since, then, every motion is a kind of change, and there are only the three
kinds of change mentioned above, and since of these three those which take
the form of ‘becoming’ and ‘perishing’, that is to say those which imply a
relation of contradiction, are not motions: it necessarily follows that only
change from subject to subject is motion. And every such subject is either a
contrary or an intermediate (for a privation may be allowed to rank as a
contrary) and can be affirmatively expressed, as naked, toothless, or black. If,
then, the categories are severally distinguished as Being, Quality, Place, Time,
Relation, Quantity, and Activity or Passivity, it necessarily follows that there
483
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Buch The Complete Aristotle"
The Complete Aristotle
- Titel
- The Complete Aristotle
- Autor
- Aristotle
- Datum
- ~322 B.C.
- Sprache
- englisch
- Lizenz
- PD
- Abmessungen
- 21.0 x 29.7 cm
- Seiten
- 2328
- Schlagwörter
- Philosophy, Antique, Philosophie, Antike, Dialogues, Metaphysik, Metaphysics, Ideologie, Ideology, Englisch
- Kategorien
- Geisteswissenschaften
- International
Inhaltsverzeichnis
- Part 1; Logic (Organon) 3
- Categories 4
- On Interpretation 34
- Prior Analytics, Book I 56
- Prior Analytics, Book II 113
- Posterior Analytics, Book I 149
- Posterior Analytics, Book II 193
- Topics, Book I 218
- Topics, Book II 221
- Topics, Book III 237
- Topics, Book IV 248
- Topics, Book V 266
- Topics, Book VI 291
- Topics, Book VII 317
- Topics, Book VIII 326
- On Sophistical Refutations 348
- Part 2; Universal Physics 396
- Physics, Book I 397
- Physics, Book II 415
- Physics, Book III 432
- Physics, Book IV 449
- Physics, Book V 481
- Physics, Book VI 496
- Physics, Book VII 519
- Physics, Book VIII 533
- On the Heavens, Book I 570
- On the Heavens, Book II 599
- On the Heavens, Book III 624
- On the Heavens, Book IV 640
- On Generation and Corruption, Book I 651
- On Generation and Corruption, Book II 685
- Meteorology, Book I 707
- Meteorology, Book II 733
- Meteorology, Book III 760
- Meteorology, Book IV 773
- Part 3; Human Physics 795
- On the Soul, Book I 796
- On the Soul, Book II 815
- On the Soul, Book III 840
- On Sense and the Sensible 861
- On Memory and Reminiscence 889
- On Sleep and Sleeplessness 899
- On Dreams 909
- On Prophesying by Dreams 918
- On Longevity and the Shortness of Life 923
- On Youth, Old Age, Life and Death, and Respiration 929
- Part 4; Animal Physics 952
- The History of Animals, Book I 953
- The History of Animals, Book II translated 977
- The History of Animals, Book III 1000
- The History of Animals, Book IV 1029
- The History of Animals, Book V 1056
- The History of Animals, Book VI 1094
- The History of Animals, Book VII 1135
- The History of Animals, Book VIII 1150
- The History of Animals, Book IX 1186
- On the Parts of Animals, Book I 1234
- On the Parts of Animals, Book II 1249
- On the Parts of Animals, Book III 1281
- On the Parts of Animals, Book IV 1311
- On the Motion of Animals 1351
- On the Gait of Animals 1363
- On the Generation of Animals, Book I 1381
- On the Generation of Animals, Book II 1412
- On the Generation of Animals, Book III 1444
- On the Generation of Animals, Book IV 1469
- On the Generation of Animals, Book V 1496
- Part 5; Metaphysics 1516
- Part 6; Ethics and Politics 1748
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book I 1749
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book II 1766
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book III 1779
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book IV 1799
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book V 1817
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VI 1836
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VII 1851
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VIII 1872
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book IX 1890
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book X 1907
- Politics, Book I 1925
- Politics, Book II 1943
- Politics, Book III 1970
- Politics, Book IV 1997
- Politics, Book V 2023
- Politics, Book VI 2053
- Politics, Book VII 2065
- Politics, Book VIII 2091
- The Athenian Constitution 2102
- Part 7; Aesthetic Writings 2156