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away from the centre. On all these grounds, therefore, we may infer with
confidence that there is something beyond the bodies that are about us on this
earth, different and separate from them; and that the superior glory of its
nature is proportionate to its distance from this world of ours.
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3
In consequence of what has been said, in part by way of assumption and in
part by way of proof, it is clear that not every body either possesses lightness
or heaviness. As a preliminary we must explain in what sense we are using
the words âheavyâ and âlightâ, sufficiently, at least, for our present purpose: we
can examine the terms more closely later, when we come to consider their
essential nature. Let us then apply the term âheavyâ to that which naturally
moves towards the centre, and âlightâ to that which moves naturally away
from the centre. The heaviest thing will be that which sinks to the bottom of
all things that move downward, and the lightest that which rises to the surface
of everything that moves upward. Now, necessarily, everything which moves
either up or down possesses lightness or heaviness or both-but not both
relatively to the same thing: for things are heavy and light relatively to one
another; air, for instance, is light relatively to water, and water light relatively
to earth. The body, then, which moves in a circle cannot possibly possess
either heaviness or lightness. For neither naturally nor unnaturally can it move
either towards or away from the centre. Movement in a straight line certainly
does not belong to it naturally, since one sort of movement is, as we saw,
appropriate to each simple body, and so we should be compelled to identify it
with one of the bodies which move in this way. Suppose, then, that the
movement is unnatural. In that case, if it is the downward movement which is
unnatural, the upward movement will be natural; and if it is the upward which
is unnatural, the downward will be natural. For we decided that of contrary
movements, if the one is unnatural to anything, the other will be natural to it.
But since the natural movement of the whole and of its part of earth, for
instance, as a whole and of a small clod-have one and the same direction, it
results, in the first place, that this body can possess no lightness or heaviness
at all (for that would mean that it could move by its own nature either from or
towards the centre, which, as we know, is impossible); and, secondly, that it
cannot possibly move in the way of locomotion by being forced violently
aside in an upward or downward direction. For neither naturally nor
unnaturally can it move with any other motion but its own, either itself or any
part of it, since the reasoning which applies to the whole applies also to the
573
zurĂŒck zum
Buch The Complete Aristotle"
The Complete Aristotle
- Titel
- The Complete Aristotle
- Autor
- Aristotle
- Datum
- ~322 B.C.
- Sprache
- englisch
- Lizenz
- PD
- Abmessungen
- 21.0 x 29.7 cm
- Seiten
- 2328
- Schlagwörter
- Philosophy, Antique, Philosophie, Antike, Dialogues, Metaphysik, Metaphysics, Ideologie, Ideology, Englisch
- Kategorien
- Geisteswissenschaften
- International
Inhaltsverzeichnis
- Part 1; Logic (Organon) 3
- Categories 4
- On Interpretation 34
- Prior Analytics, Book I 56
- Prior Analytics, Book II 113
- Posterior Analytics, Book I 149
- Posterior Analytics, Book II 193
- Topics, Book I 218
- Topics, Book II 221
- Topics, Book III 237
- Topics, Book IV 248
- Topics, Book V 266
- Topics, Book VI 291
- Topics, Book VII 317
- Topics, Book VIII 326
- On Sophistical Refutations 348
- Part 2; Universal Physics 396
- Physics, Book I 397
- Physics, Book II 415
- Physics, Book III 432
- Physics, Book IV 449
- Physics, Book V 481
- Physics, Book VI 496
- Physics, Book VII 519
- Physics, Book VIII 533
- On the Heavens, Book I 570
- On the Heavens, Book II 599
- On the Heavens, Book III 624
- On the Heavens, Book IV 640
- On Generation and Corruption, Book I 651
- On Generation and Corruption, Book II 685
- Meteorology, Book I 707
- Meteorology, Book II 733
- Meteorology, Book III 760
- Meteorology, Book IV 773
- Part 3; Human Physics 795
- On the Soul, Book I 796
- On the Soul, Book II 815
- On the Soul, Book III 840
- On Sense and the Sensible 861
- On Memory and Reminiscence 889
- On Sleep and Sleeplessness 899
- On Dreams 909
- On Prophesying by Dreams 918
- On Longevity and the Shortness of Life 923
- On Youth, Old Age, Life and Death, and Respiration 929
- Part 4; Animal Physics 952
- The History of Animals, Book I 953
- The History of Animals, Book II translated 977
- The History of Animals, Book III 1000
- The History of Animals, Book IV 1029
- The History of Animals, Book V 1056
- The History of Animals, Book VI 1094
- The History of Animals, Book VII 1135
- The History of Animals, Book VIII 1150
- The History of Animals, Book IX 1186
- On the Parts of Animals, Book I 1234
- On the Parts of Animals, Book II 1249
- On the Parts of Animals, Book III 1281
- On the Parts of Animals, Book IV 1311
- On the Motion of Animals 1351
- On the Gait of Animals 1363
- On the Generation of Animals, Book I 1381
- On the Generation of Animals, Book II 1412
- On the Generation of Animals, Book III 1444
- On the Generation of Animals, Book IV 1469
- On the Generation of Animals, Book V 1496
- Part 5; Metaphysics 1516
- Part 6; Ethics and Politics 1748
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book I 1749
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book II 1766
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book III 1779
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book IV 1799
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book V 1817
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VI 1836
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VII 1851
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VIII 1872
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book IX 1890
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book X 1907
- Politics, Book I 1925
- Politics, Book II 1943
- Politics, Book III 1970
- Politics, Book IV 1997
- Politics, Book V 2023
- Politics, Book VI 2053
- Politics, Book VII 2065
- Politics, Book VIII 2091
- The Athenian Constitution 2102
- Part 7; Aesthetic Writings 2156