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exhibits, like right and left, as we said before and as the difficulty just stated
itself suggests, the distinction of prior and posterior, which provides a reason
and so solves our difficulty. Supposing that nature is ordered in the best way
possible, this may stand as the reason of the fact mentioned. For it is best to
move with a movement simple and unceasing, and, further, in the superior of
two possible directions.
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6
We have next to show that the movement of the heaven is regular and not
irregular. This applies only to the first heaven and the first movement; for the
lower spheres exhibit a composition of several movements into one. If the
movement is uneven, clearly there will be acceleration, maximum speed, and
retardation, since these appear in all irregular motions. The maximum may
occur either at the starting-point or at the goal or between the two; and we
expect natural motion to reach its maximum at the goal, unnatural motion at
the starting-point, and missiles midway between the two. But circular
movement, having no beginning or limit or middle in the direct sense of the
words, has neither whence nor whither nor middle: for in time it is eternal,
and in length it returns upon itself without a break. If then its movement has
no maximum, it can have no irregularity, since irregularity is produced by
retardation and acceleration. Further, since everything that is moved is moved
by something, the cause of the irregularity of movement must lie either in the
mover or in the moved or both. For if the mover moved not always with the
same force, or if the moved were altered and did not remain the same, or if
both were to change, the result might well be an irregular movement in the
moved. But none of these possibilities can be conceived as actual in the case
of the heavens. As to that which is moved, we have shown that it is primary
and simple and ungenerated and indestructible and generally unchanging; and
the mover has an even better right to these attributes. It is the primary that
moves the primary, the simple the simple, the indestructible and ungenerated
that which is indestructible and ungenerated. Since then that which is moved,
being a body, is nevertheless unchanging, how should the mover, which is
incorporeal, be changed?
It follows then, further, that the motion cannot be irregular. For if
irregularity occurs, there must be change either in the movement as a whole,
from fast to slow and slow to fast, or in its parts. That there is no irregularity
in the parts is obvious, since, if there were, some divergence of the stars
606
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Buch The Complete Aristotle"
The Complete Aristotle
- Titel
- The Complete Aristotle
- Autor
- Aristotle
- Datum
- ~322 B.C.
- Sprache
- englisch
- Lizenz
- PD
- Abmessungen
- 21.0 x 29.7 cm
- Seiten
- 2328
- Schlagwörter
- Philosophy, Antique, Philosophie, Antike, Dialogues, Metaphysik, Metaphysics, Ideologie, Ideology, Englisch
- Kategorien
- Geisteswissenschaften
- International
Inhaltsverzeichnis
- Part 1; Logic (Organon) 3
- Categories 4
- On Interpretation 34
- Prior Analytics, Book I 56
- Prior Analytics, Book II 113
- Posterior Analytics, Book I 149
- Posterior Analytics, Book II 193
- Topics, Book I 218
- Topics, Book II 221
- Topics, Book III 237
- Topics, Book IV 248
- Topics, Book V 266
- Topics, Book VI 291
- Topics, Book VII 317
- Topics, Book VIII 326
- On Sophistical Refutations 348
- Part 2; Universal Physics 396
- Physics, Book I 397
- Physics, Book II 415
- Physics, Book III 432
- Physics, Book IV 449
- Physics, Book V 481
- Physics, Book VI 496
- Physics, Book VII 519
- Physics, Book VIII 533
- On the Heavens, Book I 570
- On the Heavens, Book II 599
- On the Heavens, Book III 624
- On the Heavens, Book IV 640
- On Generation and Corruption, Book I 651
- On Generation and Corruption, Book II 685
- Meteorology, Book I 707
- Meteorology, Book II 733
- Meteorology, Book III 760
- Meteorology, Book IV 773
- Part 3; Human Physics 795
- On the Soul, Book I 796
- On the Soul, Book II 815
- On the Soul, Book III 840
- On Sense and the Sensible 861
- On Memory and Reminiscence 889
- On Sleep and Sleeplessness 899
- On Dreams 909
- On Prophesying by Dreams 918
- On Longevity and the Shortness of Life 923
- On Youth, Old Age, Life and Death, and Respiration 929
- Part 4; Animal Physics 952
- The History of Animals, Book I 953
- The History of Animals, Book II translated 977
- The History of Animals, Book III 1000
- The History of Animals, Book IV 1029
- The History of Animals, Book V 1056
- The History of Animals, Book VI 1094
- The History of Animals, Book VII 1135
- The History of Animals, Book VIII 1150
- The History of Animals, Book IX 1186
- On the Parts of Animals, Book I 1234
- On the Parts of Animals, Book II 1249
- On the Parts of Animals, Book III 1281
- On the Parts of Animals, Book IV 1311
- On the Motion of Animals 1351
- On the Gait of Animals 1363
- On the Generation of Animals, Book I 1381
- On the Generation of Animals, Book II 1412
- On the Generation of Animals, Book III 1444
- On the Generation of Animals, Book IV 1469
- On the Generation of Animals, Book V 1496
- Part 5; Metaphysics 1516
- Part 6; Ethics and Politics 1748
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book I 1749
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book II 1766
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book III 1779
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book IV 1799
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book V 1817
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VI 1836
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VII 1851
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VIII 1872
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book IX 1890
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book X 1907
- Politics, Book I 1925
- Politics, Book II 1943
- Politics, Book III 1970
- Politics, Book IV 1997
- Politics, Book V 2023
- Politics, Book VI 2053
- Politics, Book VII 2065
- Politics, Book VIII 2091
- The Athenian Constitution 2102
- Part 7; Aesthetic Writings 2156