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reciprocal change of place of all its parts). Those impressibles that retain the
shape impressed on them and are easily moulded by the hand are called
‘plastic’; those that are not easily moulded, such as stone or wood, or are
easily moulded but do not retain the shape impressed, like wool or a sponge,
are not plastic. The last group are said to be ‘squeezable’. Things are
‘squeezable’ when they can contract into themselves under pressure, their
surface sinking in without being broken and without the parts interchanging
position as happens in the case of water. (We speak of pressure when there is
movement and the motor remains in contact with the thing moved, of impact
when the movement is due to the local movement of the motor.) Those bodies
are subject to squeezing which have empty pores-empty, that is, of the stuff of
which the body itself consists-and that can sink upon the void spaces within
them, or rather upon their pores. For sometimes the pores upon which a body
sinks in are not empty (a wet sponge, for instance, has its pores full). But the
pores, if full, must be full of something softer than the body itself which is to
contract. Examples of things squeezable are the sponge, wax, flesh. Those
things are not squeezable which cannot be made to contract upon their own
pores by pressure, either because they have no pores or because their pores
are full of something too hard. Thus iron, stone, water and all liquids are
incapable of being squeezed.
Things are tractile when their surface can be made to elongate, for being
drawn out is a movement of the surface, remaining unbroken, in the direction
of the mover. Some things are tractile, e.g. hair, thongs, sinew, dough,
birdlime, and some are not, e.g. water, stone. Some things are both tractile
and squeezable, e.g. wool; in other cases the two qualities do not coincide;
phlegm, for instance, is tractile but not squeezable, and a sponge squeezable
but not tractile.
Some things are malleable, like copper. Some are not, like stone and wood.
Things are malleable when their surface can be made to move (but only in
part) both downwards and sideways with one and the same blow: when this is
not possible a body is not malleable. All malleable bodies are impressible, but
not all impressible bodies are malleable, e.g. wood, though on the whole the
two go together. Of squeezable things some are malleable and some not: wax
and mud are malleable, wool is not. Some things are fissile, e.g. wood, some
are not, e.g. potter’s clay. A thing is fissile when it is apt to divide in advance
of the instrument dividing it, for a body is said to split when it divides to a
further point than that to which the dividing instrument divides it and the act
of division advances: which is not the case with cutting. Those bodies which
cannot behave like this are non-fissile. Nothing soft is fissile (by soft I mean
absolutely soft and not relatively: for iron itself may be relatively soft); nor
are all hard things fissile, but only such as are neither liquid nor impressible
787
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Buch The Complete Aristotle"
The Complete Aristotle
- Titel
- The Complete Aristotle
- Autor
- Aristotle
- Datum
- ~322 B.C.
- Sprache
- englisch
- Lizenz
- PD
- Abmessungen
- 21.0 x 29.7 cm
- Seiten
- 2328
- Schlagwörter
- Philosophy, Antique, Philosophie, Antike, Dialogues, Metaphysik, Metaphysics, Ideologie, Ideology, Englisch
- Kategorien
- Geisteswissenschaften
- International
Inhaltsverzeichnis
- Part 1; Logic (Organon) 3
- Categories 4
- On Interpretation 34
- Prior Analytics, Book I 56
- Prior Analytics, Book II 113
- Posterior Analytics, Book I 149
- Posterior Analytics, Book II 193
- Topics, Book I 218
- Topics, Book II 221
- Topics, Book III 237
- Topics, Book IV 248
- Topics, Book V 266
- Topics, Book VI 291
- Topics, Book VII 317
- Topics, Book VIII 326
- On Sophistical Refutations 348
- Part 2; Universal Physics 396
- Physics, Book I 397
- Physics, Book II 415
- Physics, Book III 432
- Physics, Book IV 449
- Physics, Book V 481
- Physics, Book VI 496
- Physics, Book VII 519
- Physics, Book VIII 533
- On the Heavens, Book I 570
- On the Heavens, Book II 599
- On the Heavens, Book III 624
- On the Heavens, Book IV 640
- On Generation and Corruption, Book I 651
- On Generation and Corruption, Book II 685
- Meteorology, Book I 707
- Meteorology, Book II 733
- Meteorology, Book III 760
- Meteorology, Book IV 773
- Part 3; Human Physics 795
- On the Soul, Book I 796
- On the Soul, Book II 815
- On the Soul, Book III 840
- On Sense and the Sensible 861
- On Memory and Reminiscence 889
- On Sleep and Sleeplessness 899
- On Dreams 909
- On Prophesying by Dreams 918
- On Longevity and the Shortness of Life 923
- On Youth, Old Age, Life and Death, and Respiration 929
- Part 4; Animal Physics 952
- The History of Animals, Book I 953
- The History of Animals, Book II translated 977
- The History of Animals, Book III 1000
- The History of Animals, Book IV 1029
- The History of Animals, Book V 1056
- The History of Animals, Book VI 1094
- The History of Animals, Book VII 1135
- The History of Animals, Book VIII 1150
- The History of Animals, Book IX 1186
- On the Parts of Animals, Book I 1234
- On the Parts of Animals, Book II 1249
- On the Parts of Animals, Book III 1281
- On the Parts of Animals, Book IV 1311
- On the Motion of Animals 1351
- On the Gait of Animals 1363
- On the Generation of Animals, Book I 1381
- On the Generation of Animals, Book II 1412
- On the Generation of Animals, Book III 1444
- On the Generation of Animals, Book IV 1469
- On the Generation of Animals, Book V 1496
- Part 5; Metaphysics 1516
- Part 6; Ethics and Politics 1748
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book I 1749
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book II 1766
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book III 1779
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book IV 1799
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book V 1817
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VI 1836
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VII 1851
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VIII 1872
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book IX 1890
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book X 1907
- Politics, Book I 1925
- Politics, Book II 1943
- Politics, Book III 1970
- Politics, Book IV 1997
- Politics, Book V 2023
- Politics, Book VI 2053
- Politics, Book VII 2065
- Politics, Book VIII 2091
- The Athenian Constitution 2102
- Part 7; Aesthetic Writings 2156