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Homogeneous bodies differ to touch-by these affections and differences, as
we have said. They also differ in respect of their smell, taste, and colour.
By homogeneous bodies I mean, for instance, ‘metals’, gold, copper, silver,
tin, iron, stone, and everything else of this kind and the bodies that are
extracted from them; also the substances found in animals and plants, for
instance, flesh, bones, sinew, skin, viscera, hair, fibres, veins (these are the
elements of which the non-homogeneous bodies like the face, a hand, a foot,
and everything of that kind are made up), and in plants, wood, bark, leaves,
roots, and the rest like them.
The homogeneous bodies, it is true, are constituted by a different cause, but
the matter of which they are composed is the dry and the moist, that is, water
and earth (for these bodies exhibit those qualities most clearly). The agents
are the hot and the cold, for they constitute and make concrete the
homogeneous bodies out of earth and water as matter. Let us consider, then,
which of the homogeneous bodies are made of earth and which of water, and
which of both.
Of organized bodies some are liquid, some soft, some hard. The soft and
the hard are constituted by a process of solidification, as we have already
explained.
Those liquids that go off in vapour are made of water, those that do not are
either of the nature of earth, or a mixture either of earth and water, like milk,
or of earth and air, like wood, or of water and air, like oil. Those liquids which
are thickened by heat are a mixture. (Wine is a liquid which raises a difficulty:
for it is both liable to evaporation and it also thickens; for instance new wine
does. The reason is that the word ‘wine’ is ambiguous and different ‘wines’
behave in different ways. New wine is more earthy than old, and for this
reason it is more apt to be thickened by heat and less apt to be congealed by
cold. For it contains much heat and a great proportion of earth, as in Arcadia,
where it is so dried up in its skins by the smoke that you scrape it to drink. If
all wine has some sediment in it then it will belong to earth or to water
according to the quantity of the sediment it possesses.) The liquids that are
thickened by cold are of the nature of earth; those that are thickened either by
heat or by cold consist of more than one element, like oil and honey, and
‘sweet wine’.
Of solid bodies those that have been solidified by cold are of water, e.g. ice,
snow, hail, hoar-frost. Those solidified by heat are of earth, e.g. pottery,
cheese, natron, salt. Some bodies are solidified by both heat and cold. Of this
kind are those solidified by refrigeration, that is by the privation both of heat
and of the moisture which departs with the heat. For salt and the bodies that
are purely of earth solidify by the privation of moisture only, ice by that of
790
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Buch The Complete Aristotle"
The Complete Aristotle
- Titel
- The Complete Aristotle
- Autor
- Aristotle
- Datum
- ~322 B.C.
- Sprache
- englisch
- Lizenz
- PD
- Abmessungen
- 21.0 x 29.7 cm
- Seiten
- 2328
- Schlagwörter
- Philosophy, Antique, Philosophie, Antike, Dialogues, Metaphysik, Metaphysics, Ideologie, Ideology, Englisch
- Kategorien
- Geisteswissenschaften
- International
Inhaltsverzeichnis
- Part 1; Logic (Organon) 3
- Categories 4
- On Interpretation 34
- Prior Analytics, Book I 56
- Prior Analytics, Book II 113
- Posterior Analytics, Book I 149
- Posterior Analytics, Book II 193
- Topics, Book I 218
- Topics, Book II 221
- Topics, Book III 237
- Topics, Book IV 248
- Topics, Book V 266
- Topics, Book VI 291
- Topics, Book VII 317
- Topics, Book VIII 326
- On Sophistical Refutations 348
- Part 2; Universal Physics 396
- Physics, Book I 397
- Physics, Book II 415
- Physics, Book III 432
- Physics, Book IV 449
- Physics, Book V 481
- Physics, Book VI 496
- Physics, Book VII 519
- Physics, Book VIII 533
- On the Heavens, Book I 570
- On the Heavens, Book II 599
- On the Heavens, Book III 624
- On the Heavens, Book IV 640
- On Generation and Corruption, Book I 651
- On Generation and Corruption, Book II 685
- Meteorology, Book I 707
- Meteorology, Book II 733
- Meteorology, Book III 760
- Meteorology, Book IV 773
- Part 3; Human Physics 795
- On the Soul, Book I 796
- On the Soul, Book II 815
- On the Soul, Book III 840
- On Sense and the Sensible 861
- On Memory and Reminiscence 889
- On Sleep and Sleeplessness 899
- On Dreams 909
- On Prophesying by Dreams 918
- On Longevity and the Shortness of Life 923
- On Youth, Old Age, Life and Death, and Respiration 929
- Part 4; Animal Physics 952
- The History of Animals, Book I 953
- The History of Animals, Book II translated 977
- The History of Animals, Book III 1000
- The History of Animals, Book IV 1029
- The History of Animals, Book V 1056
- The History of Animals, Book VI 1094
- The History of Animals, Book VII 1135
- The History of Animals, Book VIII 1150
- The History of Animals, Book IX 1186
- On the Parts of Animals, Book I 1234
- On the Parts of Animals, Book II 1249
- On the Parts of Animals, Book III 1281
- On the Parts of Animals, Book IV 1311
- On the Motion of Animals 1351
- On the Gait of Animals 1363
- On the Generation of Animals, Book I 1381
- On the Generation of Animals, Book II 1412
- On the Generation of Animals, Book III 1444
- On the Generation of Animals, Book IV 1469
- On the Generation of Animals, Book V 1496
- Part 5; Metaphysics 1516
- Part 6; Ethics and Politics 1748
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book I 1749
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book II 1766
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book III 1779
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book IV 1799
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book V 1817
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VI 1836
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VII 1851
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VIII 1872
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book IX 1890
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book X 1907
- Politics, Book I 1925
- Politics, Book II 1943
- Politics, Book III 1970
- Politics, Book IV 1997
- Politics, Book V 2023
- Politics, Book VI 2053
- Politics, Book VII 2065
- Politics, Book VIII 2091
- The Athenian Constitution 2102
- Part 7; Aesthetic Writings 2156