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heat only, these bodies by that of both. So both the active qualities and both
kinds of matter were involved in the process. Of these bodies those from
which all the moisture has gone are all of them of earth, like pottery or amber.
(For amber, also, and the bodies called ‘tears’ are formed by refrigeration, like
myrrh, frankincense, gum. Amber, too, appears to belong to this class of
things: the animals enclosed in it show that it is formed by solidification. The
heat is driven out of it by the cold of the river and causes the moisture to
evaporate with it, as in the case of honey when it has been heated and is
immersed in water.) Some of these bodies cannot be melted or softened; for
instance, amber and certain stones, e.g. the stalactites in caves. (For these
stalactites, too, are formed in the same way: the agent is not fire, but cold
which drives out the heat, which, as it leaves the body, draws out the moisture
with it: in the other class of bodies the agent is external fire.) In those from
which the moisture has not wholly gone earth still preponderates, but they
admit of softening by heat, e.g. iron and horn.
Now since we must include among ‘meltables’ those bodies which are
melted by fire, these contain some water: indeed some of them, like wax, are
common to earth and water alike. But those that are melted by water are of
earth. Those that are not melted either by fire or water are of earth, or of earth
and water.
Since, then, all bodies are either liquid or solid, and since the things that
display the affections we have enumerated belong to these two classes and
there is nothing intermediate, it follows that we have given a complete
account of the criteria for distinguishing whether a body consists of earth or
of water or of more elements than one, and whether fire was the agent in its
formation, or cold, or both.
Gold, then, and silver and copper and tin and lead and glass and many
nameless stone are of water: for they are all melted by heat. Of water, too, are
some wines and urine and vinegar and lye and whey and serum: for they are
all congealed by cold. In iron, horn, nails, bones, sinews, wood, hair, leaves,
bark, earth preponderates. So, too, in amber, myrrh, frankincense, and all the
substances called ‘tears’, and stalactites, and fruits, such as leguminous plants
and corn. For things of this kind are, to a greater or less degree, of earth. For
of all these bodies some admit of softening by heat, the rest give off fumes
and are formed by refrigeration. So again in natron, salt, and those kinds of
stones that are not formed by refrigeration and cannot be melted. Blood, on
the other hand, and semen, are made up of earth and water and air. If the
blood contains fibres, earth preponderates in it: consequently its solidifies by
refrigeration and is melted by liquids; if not, it is of water and therefore does
not solidify. Semen solidifies by refrigeration, its moisture leaving it together
791
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Buch The Complete Aristotle"
The Complete Aristotle
- Titel
- The Complete Aristotle
- Autor
- Aristotle
- Datum
- ~322 B.C.
- Sprache
- englisch
- Lizenz
- PD
- Abmessungen
- 21.0 x 29.7 cm
- Seiten
- 2328
- Schlagwörter
- Philosophy, Antique, Philosophie, Antike, Dialogues, Metaphysik, Metaphysics, Ideologie, Ideology, Englisch
- Kategorien
- Geisteswissenschaften
- International
Inhaltsverzeichnis
- Part 1; Logic (Organon) 3
- Categories 4
- On Interpretation 34
- Prior Analytics, Book I 56
- Prior Analytics, Book II 113
- Posterior Analytics, Book I 149
- Posterior Analytics, Book II 193
- Topics, Book I 218
- Topics, Book II 221
- Topics, Book III 237
- Topics, Book IV 248
- Topics, Book V 266
- Topics, Book VI 291
- Topics, Book VII 317
- Topics, Book VIII 326
- On Sophistical Refutations 348
- Part 2; Universal Physics 396
- Physics, Book I 397
- Physics, Book II 415
- Physics, Book III 432
- Physics, Book IV 449
- Physics, Book V 481
- Physics, Book VI 496
- Physics, Book VII 519
- Physics, Book VIII 533
- On the Heavens, Book I 570
- On the Heavens, Book II 599
- On the Heavens, Book III 624
- On the Heavens, Book IV 640
- On Generation and Corruption, Book I 651
- On Generation and Corruption, Book II 685
- Meteorology, Book I 707
- Meteorology, Book II 733
- Meteorology, Book III 760
- Meteorology, Book IV 773
- Part 3; Human Physics 795
- On the Soul, Book I 796
- On the Soul, Book II 815
- On the Soul, Book III 840
- On Sense and the Sensible 861
- On Memory and Reminiscence 889
- On Sleep and Sleeplessness 899
- On Dreams 909
- On Prophesying by Dreams 918
- On Longevity and the Shortness of Life 923
- On Youth, Old Age, Life and Death, and Respiration 929
- Part 4; Animal Physics 952
- The History of Animals, Book I 953
- The History of Animals, Book II translated 977
- The History of Animals, Book III 1000
- The History of Animals, Book IV 1029
- The History of Animals, Book V 1056
- The History of Animals, Book VI 1094
- The History of Animals, Book VII 1135
- The History of Animals, Book VIII 1150
- The History of Animals, Book IX 1186
- On the Parts of Animals, Book I 1234
- On the Parts of Animals, Book II 1249
- On the Parts of Animals, Book III 1281
- On the Parts of Animals, Book IV 1311
- On the Motion of Animals 1351
- On the Gait of Animals 1363
- On the Generation of Animals, Book I 1381
- On the Generation of Animals, Book II 1412
- On the Generation of Animals, Book III 1444
- On the Generation of Animals, Book IV 1469
- On the Generation of Animals, Book V 1496
- Part 5; Metaphysics 1516
- Part 6; Ethics and Politics 1748
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book I 1749
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book II 1766
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book III 1779
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book IV 1799
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book V 1817
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VI 1836
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VII 1851
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VIII 1872
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book IX 1890
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book X 1907
- Politics, Book I 1925
- Politics, Book II 1943
- Politics, Book III 1970
- Politics, Book IV 1997
- Politics, Book V 2023
- Politics, Book VI 2053
- Politics, Book VII 2065
- Politics, Book VIII 2091
- The Athenian Constitution 2102
- Part 7; Aesthetic Writings 2156