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animals must be able to smell without being able to breathe. The probable
explanation is that in man the organ of smell has a certain superiority over
that in all other animals just as his eyes have over those of hard-eyed animals.
Man’s eyes have in the eyelids a kind of shelter or envelope, which must be
shifted or drawn back in order that we may see, while hardeyed animals have
nothing of the kind, but at once see whatever presents itself in the transparent
medium. Similarly in certain species of animals the organ of smell is like the
eye of hard-eyed animals, uncurtained, while in others which take in air it
probably has a curtain over it, which is drawn back in inhalation, owing to the
dilating of the veins or pores. That explains also why such animals cannot
smell under water; to smell they must first inhale, and that they cannot do
under water.
Smells come from what is dry as flavours from what is moist.
Consequently the organ of smell is potentially dry.
10
What can be tasted is always something that can be touched, and just for
that reason it cannot be perceived through an interposed foreign body, for
touch means the absence of any intervening body. Further, the flavoured and
tasteable body is suspended in a liquid matter, and this is tangible. Hence, if
we lived in water, we should perceive a sweet object introduced into the
water, but the water would not be the medium through which we perceived;
our perception would be due to the solution of the sweet substance in what we
imbibed, just as if it were mixed with some drink. There is no parallel here to
the perception of colour, which is due neither to any blending of anything
with anything, nor to any efflux of anything from anything. In the case of
taste, there is nothing corresponding to the medium in the case of the senses
previously discussed; but as the object of sight is colour, so the object of taste
is flavour. But nothing excites a perception of flavour without the help of
liquid; what acts upon the sense of taste must be either actually or potentially
liquid like what is saline; it must be both (a) itself easily dissolved, and (b)
capable of dissolving along with itself the tongue. Taste apprehends both (a)
what has taste and (b) what has no taste, if we mean by (b) what has only a
slight or feeble flavour or what tends to destroy the sense of taste. In this it is
exactly parallel to sight, which apprehends both what is visible and what is
invisible (for darkness is invisible and yet is discriminated by sight; so is, in a
different way, what is over brilliant), and to hearing, which apprehends both
sound and silence, of which the one is audible and the other inaudible, and
also over-loud sound. This corresponds in the case of hearing to over-bright
light in the case of sight. As a faint sound is ‘inaudible’, so in a sense is a loud
834
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Buch The Complete Aristotle"
The Complete Aristotle
- Titel
- The Complete Aristotle
- Autor
- Aristotle
- Datum
- ~322 B.C.
- Sprache
- englisch
- Lizenz
- PD
- Abmessungen
- 21.0 x 29.7 cm
- Seiten
- 2328
- Schlagwörter
- Philosophy, Antique, Philosophie, Antike, Dialogues, Metaphysik, Metaphysics, Ideologie, Ideology, Englisch
- Kategorien
- Geisteswissenschaften
- International
Inhaltsverzeichnis
- Part 1; Logic (Organon) 3
- Categories 4
- On Interpretation 34
- Prior Analytics, Book I 56
- Prior Analytics, Book II 113
- Posterior Analytics, Book I 149
- Posterior Analytics, Book II 193
- Topics, Book I 218
- Topics, Book II 221
- Topics, Book III 237
- Topics, Book IV 248
- Topics, Book V 266
- Topics, Book VI 291
- Topics, Book VII 317
- Topics, Book VIII 326
- On Sophistical Refutations 348
- Part 2; Universal Physics 396
- Physics, Book I 397
- Physics, Book II 415
- Physics, Book III 432
- Physics, Book IV 449
- Physics, Book V 481
- Physics, Book VI 496
- Physics, Book VII 519
- Physics, Book VIII 533
- On the Heavens, Book I 570
- On the Heavens, Book II 599
- On the Heavens, Book III 624
- On the Heavens, Book IV 640
- On Generation and Corruption, Book I 651
- On Generation and Corruption, Book II 685
- Meteorology, Book I 707
- Meteorology, Book II 733
- Meteorology, Book III 760
- Meteorology, Book IV 773
- Part 3; Human Physics 795
- On the Soul, Book I 796
- On the Soul, Book II 815
- On the Soul, Book III 840
- On Sense and the Sensible 861
- On Memory and Reminiscence 889
- On Sleep and Sleeplessness 899
- On Dreams 909
- On Prophesying by Dreams 918
- On Longevity and the Shortness of Life 923
- On Youth, Old Age, Life and Death, and Respiration 929
- Part 4; Animal Physics 952
- The History of Animals, Book I 953
- The History of Animals, Book II translated 977
- The History of Animals, Book III 1000
- The History of Animals, Book IV 1029
- The History of Animals, Book V 1056
- The History of Animals, Book VI 1094
- The History of Animals, Book VII 1135
- The History of Animals, Book VIII 1150
- The History of Animals, Book IX 1186
- On the Parts of Animals, Book I 1234
- On the Parts of Animals, Book II 1249
- On the Parts of Animals, Book III 1281
- On the Parts of Animals, Book IV 1311
- On the Motion of Animals 1351
- On the Gait of Animals 1363
- On the Generation of Animals, Book I 1381
- On the Generation of Animals, Book II 1412
- On the Generation of Animals, Book III 1444
- On the Generation of Animals, Book IV 1469
- On the Generation of Animals, Book V 1496
- Part 5; Metaphysics 1516
- Part 6; Ethics and Politics 1748
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book I 1749
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book II 1766
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book III 1779
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book IV 1799
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book V 1817
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VI 1836
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VII 1851
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VIII 1872
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book IX 1890
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book X 1907
- Politics, Book I 1925
- Politics, Book II 1943
- Politics, Book III 1970
- Politics, Book IV 1997
- Politics, Book V 2023
- Politics, Book VI 2053
- Politics, Book VII 2065
- Politics, Book VIII 2091
- The Athenian Constitution 2102
- Part 7; Aesthetic Writings 2156