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because, if it attaches itself to one of them but not to another, then an animal
while asleep may perceive with the latter; but this is impossible.
Now, since every sense has something peculiar, and also something
common; peculiar, as, e.g. seeing is to the sense of sight, hearing to the
auditory sense, and so on with the other senses severally; while all are
accompanied by a common power, in virtue whereof a person perceives that
he sees or hears (for, assuredly, it is not by the special sense of sight that one
sees that he sees; and it is not by mere taste, or sight, or both together that one
discerns, and has the faculty of discerning, that sweet things are different from
white things, but by a faculty connected in common with all the organs of
sense; for there is one sensory function, and the controlling sensory faculty is
one, though differing as a faculty of perception in relation to each genus of
sensibles, e.g. sound or colour); and since this [common sensory activity]
subsists in association chiefly with the faculty of touch (for this can exist
apart from all the other organs of sense, but none of them can exist apart from
it-a subject of which we have treated in our speculations concerning the
Soul); it is therefore evident that waking and sleeping are an affection of this
[common and controlling organ of sense-perception]. This explains why they
belong to all animals, for touch [with which this common organ is chiefly
connected], alone, [is common] to all [animals].
For if sleeping were caused by the special senses having each and all
undergone some affection, it would be strange that these senses, for which it
is neither necessary nor in a manner possible to realize their powers
simultaneously, should necessarily all go idle and become motionless
simultaneously. For the contrary experience, viz. that they should not go to
rest altogether, would have been more reasonably anticipated. But, according
to the explanation just given, all is quite clear regarding those also. For, when
the sense organ which controls all the others, and to which all the others are
tributary, has been in some way affected, that these others should be all
affected at the same time is inevitable, whereas, if one of the tributaries
becomes powerless, that the controlling organ should also become powerless
need in no wise follow.
It is indeed evident from many considerations that sleep does not consist in
the mere fact that the special senses do not function or that one does not
employ them; and that it does not consist merely in an inability to exercise the
sense-perceptions; for such is what happens in cases of swooning. A swoon
means just such impotence of perception, and certain other cases of
unconsciousness also are of this nature. Moreover, persons who have the
bloodvessels in the neck compressed become insensible. But sleep supervenes
when such incapacity of exercise has neither arisen in some casual organ of
902
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Buch The Complete Aristotle"
The Complete Aristotle
- Titel
- The Complete Aristotle
- Autor
- Aristotle
- Datum
- ~322 B.C.
- Sprache
- englisch
- Lizenz
- PD
- Abmessungen
- 21.0 x 29.7 cm
- Seiten
- 2328
- Schlagwörter
- Philosophy, Antique, Philosophie, Antike, Dialogues, Metaphysik, Metaphysics, Ideologie, Ideology, Englisch
- Kategorien
- Geisteswissenschaften
- International
Inhaltsverzeichnis
- Part 1; Logic (Organon) 3
- Categories 4
- On Interpretation 34
- Prior Analytics, Book I 56
- Prior Analytics, Book II 113
- Posterior Analytics, Book I 149
- Posterior Analytics, Book II 193
- Topics, Book I 218
- Topics, Book II 221
- Topics, Book III 237
- Topics, Book IV 248
- Topics, Book V 266
- Topics, Book VI 291
- Topics, Book VII 317
- Topics, Book VIII 326
- On Sophistical Refutations 348
- Part 2; Universal Physics 396
- Physics, Book I 397
- Physics, Book II 415
- Physics, Book III 432
- Physics, Book IV 449
- Physics, Book V 481
- Physics, Book VI 496
- Physics, Book VII 519
- Physics, Book VIII 533
- On the Heavens, Book I 570
- On the Heavens, Book II 599
- On the Heavens, Book III 624
- On the Heavens, Book IV 640
- On Generation and Corruption, Book I 651
- On Generation and Corruption, Book II 685
- Meteorology, Book I 707
- Meteorology, Book II 733
- Meteorology, Book III 760
- Meteorology, Book IV 773
- Part 3; Human Physics 795
- On the Soul, Book I 796
- On the Soul, Book II 815
- On the Soul, Book III 840
- On Sense and the Sensible 861
- On Memory and Reminiscence 889
- On Sleep and Sleeplessness 899
- On Dreams 909
- On Prophesying by Dreams 918
- On Longevity and the Shortness of Life 923
- On Youth, Old Age, Life and Death, and Respiration 929
- Part 4; Animal Physics 952
- The History of Animals, Book I 953
- The History of Animals, Book II translated 977
- The History of Animals, Book III 1000
- The History of Animals, Book IV 1029
- The History of Animals, Book V 1056
- The History of Animals, Book VI 1094
- The History of Animals, Book VII 1135
- The History of Animals, Book VIII 1150
- The History of Animals, Book IX 1186
- On the Parts of Animals, Book I 1234
- On the Parts of Animals, Book II 1249
- On the Parts of Animals, Book III 1281
- On the Parts of Animals, Book IV 1311
- On the Motion of Animals 1351
- On the Gait of Animals 1363
- On the Generation of Animals, Book I 1381
- On the Generation of Animals, Book II 1412
- On the Generation of Animals, Book III 1444
- On the Generation of Animals, Book IV 1469
- On the Generation of Animals, Book V 1496
- Part 5; Metaphysics 1516
- Part 6; Ethics and Politics 1748
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book I 1749
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book II 1766
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book III 1779
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book IV 1799
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book V 1817
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VI 1836
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VII 1851
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VIII 1872
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book IX 1890
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book X 1907
- Politics, Book I 1925
- Politics, Book II 1943
- Politics, Book III 1970
- Politics, Book IV 1997
- Politics, Book V 2023
- Politics, Book VI 2053
- Politics, Book VII 2065
- Politics, Book VIII 2091
- The Athenian Constitution 2102
- Part 7; Aesthetic Writings 2156