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of the horned animals is very small. And some possess appendages (or caeca)
to the gut, but no animal that has not incisors in both jaws has a straight gut.
The elephant has a gut constricted into chambers, so constructed that the
animal appears to have four stomachs; in it the food is found, but there is no
distinct and separate receptacle. Its viscera resemble those of the pig, only
that the liver is four times the size of that of the ox, and the other viscera in
like proportion, while the spleen is comparatively small.
Much the same may be predicated of the properties of the stomach and the
gut in oviparous quadrupeds, as in the land tortoise, the turtle, the lizard, both
crocodiles, and, in fact, in all animals of the like kind; that is to say, their
stomach is one and simple, resembling in some cases that of the pig, and in
other cases that of the dog.
The serpent genus is similar and in almost all respects furnished similarly
to the saurians among land animals, if one could only imagine these saurians
to be increased in length and to be devoid of legs. That is to say, the serpent is
coated with tessellated scutes, and resembles the saurian in its back and belly;
only, by the way, it has no testicles, but, like fishes, has two ducts converging
into one, and an ovary long and bifurcate. The rest of its internal organs are
identical with those of the saurians, except that, owing to the narrowness and
length of the animal, the viscera are correspondingly narrow and elongated, so
that they are apt to escape recognition from the similarities in shape. Thus, the
windpipe of the creature is exceptionally long, and the oesophagus is longer
still, and the windpipe commences so close to the mouth that the tongue
appears to be underneath it; and the windpipe seems to project over the
tongue, owing to the fact that the tongue draws back into a sheath and does
not remain in its place as in other animals. The tongue, moreover, is thin and
long and black, and can be protruded to a great distance. And both serpents
and saurians have this altogether exceptional property in the tongue, that it is
forked at the outer extremity, and this property is the more marked in the
serpent, for the tips of his tongue are as thin as hairs. The seal, also, by the
way, has a split tongue.
The stomach of the serpent is like a more spacious gut, resembling the
stomach of the dog; then comes the gut, long, narrow, and single to the end.
The heart is situated close to the pharynx, small and kidney-shaped; and for
this reason the organ might in some cases appear not to have the pointed end
turned towards the breast. Then comes the lung, single, and articulated with a
membranous passage, very long, and quite detached from the heart. The liver
is long and simple; the spleen is short and round: as is the case in both
respects with the saurians. Its gall resembles that of the fish; the water-snakes
have it beside the liver, and the other snakes have it usually beside the gut.
997
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Buch The Complete Aristotle"
The Complete Aristotle
- Titel
- The Complete Aristotle
- Autor
- Aristotle
- Datum
- ~322 B.C.
- Sprache
- englisch
- Lizenz
- PD
- Abmessungen
- 21.0 x 29.7 cm
- Seiten
- 2328
- Schlagwörter
- Philosophy, Antique, Philosophie, Antike, Dialogues, Metaphysik, Metaphysics, Ideologie, Ideology, Englisch
- Kategorien
- Geisteswissenschaften
- International
Inhaltsverzeichnis
- Part 1; Logic (Organon) 3
- Categories 4
- On Interpretation 34
- Prior Analytics, Book I 56
- Prior Analytics, Book II 113
- Posterior Analytics, Book I 149
- Posterior Analytics, Book II 193
- Topics, Book I 218
- Topics, Book II 221
- Topics, Book III 237
- Topics, Book IV 248
- Topics, Book V 266
- Topics, Book VI 291
- Topics, Book VII 317
- Topics, Book VIII 326
- On Sophistical Refutations 348
- Part 2; Universal Physics 396
- Physics, Book I 397
- Physics, Book II 415
- Physics, Book III 432
- Physics, Book IV 449
- Physics, Book V 481
- Physics, Book VI 496
- Physics, Book VII 519
- Physics, Book VIII 533
- On the Heavens, Book I 570
- On the Heavens, Book II 599
- On the Heavens, Book III 624
- On the Heavens, Book IV 640
- On Generation and Corruption, Book I 651
- On Generation and Corruption, Book II 685
- Meteorology, Book I 707
- Meteorology, Book II 733
- Meteorology, Book III 760
- Meteorology, Book IV 773
- Part 3; Human Physics 795
- On the Soul, Book I 796
- On the Soul, Book II 815
- On the Soul, Book III 840
- On Sense and the Sensible 861
- On Memory and Reminiscence 889
- On Sleep and Sleeplessness 899
- On Dreams 909
- On Prophesying by Dreams 918
- On Longevity and the Shortness of Life 923
- On Youth, Old Age, Life and Death, and Respiration 929
- Part 4; Animal Physics 952
- The History of Animals, Book I 953
- The History of Animals, Book II translated 977
- The History of Animals, Book III 1000
- The History of Animals, Book IV 1029
- The History of Animals, Book V 1056
- The History of Animals, Book VI 1094
- The History of Animals, Book VII 1135
- The History of Animals, Book VIII 1150
- The History of Animals, Book IX 1186
- On the Parts of Animals, Book I 1234
- On the Parts of Animals, Book II 1249
- On the Parts of Animals, Book III 1281
- On the Parts of Animals, Book IV 1311
- On the Motion of Animals 1351
- On the Gait of Animals 1363
- On the Generation of Animals, Book I 1381
- On the Generation of Animals, Book II 1412
- On the Generation of Animals, Book III 1444
- On the Generation of Animals, Book IV 1469
- On the Generation of Animals, Book V 1496
- Part 5; Metaphysics 1516
- Part 6; Ethics and Politics 1748
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book I 1749
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book II 1766
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book III 1779
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book IV 1799
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book V 1817
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VI 1836
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VII 1851
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VIII 1872
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book IX 1890
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book X 1907
- Politics, Book I 1925
- Politics, Book II 1943
- Politics, Book III 1970
- Politics, Book IV 1997
- Politics, Book V 2023
- Politics, Book VI 2053
- Politics, Book VII 2065
- Politics, Book VIII 2091
- The Athenian Constitution 2102
- Part 7; Aesthetic Writings 2156