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the head is found to be between the feet and the belly. All molluscs are
furnished with eight feet, and in all cases these feet are severally furnished
with a double row of suckers, with the exception of one single species of
poulpe or octopus. The sepia, the small calamary and the large calamary have
an exceptional organ in a pair of long arms or tentacles, having at their
extremities a portion rendered rough by the presence of two rows of suckers;
and with these arms or tentacles they apprehend their food and draw it into
their mouths, and in stormy weather they cling by them to a rock and sway
about in the rough water like ships lying at anchor. They swim by the aid of
the fins that they have about the sac. In all cases their feet are furnished with
suckers.
The octopus, by the way, uses his feelers either as feet or hands; with the
two which stand over his mouth he draws in food, and the last of his feelers
he employs in the act of copulation; and this last one, by the way, is extremely
sharp, is exceptional as being of a whitish colour, and at its extremity is
bifurcate; that is to say, it has an additional something on the rachis, and by
rachis is meant the smooth surface or edge of the arm on the far side from the
suckers. (See diagram.)
In front of the sac and over the feelers they have a hollow tube, by means
of which they discharge any sea-water that they may have taken into the sac
of the body in the act of receiving food by the mouth. They can shift the tube
from side to side, and by means of it they discharge the black liquid peculiar
to the animal.
Stretching out its feet, it swims obliquely in the direction of the so-called
head, and by this mode of swimming it can see in front, for its eyes are at the
top, and in this attitude it has its mouth at the rear. The ‘head’, while the
creature is alive, is hard, and looks as though it were inflated. It apprehends
and retains objects by means of the under-surface of its arms, and the
membrane in between its feet is kept at full tension; if the animal get on to the
sand it can no longer retain its hold.
There is a difference between the octopus and the other molluscs above
mentioned: the body of the octopus is small, and his feet are long, whereas in
the others the body is large and the feet short; so short, in fact, that they
cannot walk on them. Compared with one another, the teuthis, or calamary, is
long-shaped, and the sepia flat-shaped; and of the calamaries the so-called
teuthus is much bigger than the teuthis; for teuthi have been found as much as
five ells long. Some sepiae attain a length of two ells, and the feelers of the
octopus are sometimes as long, or even longer. The species teuthus is not a
numerous one; the teuthus differs from the teuthis in shape; that is, the sharp
extremity of the teuthus is broader than that of the other, and, further, the
1030
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Buch The Complete Aristotle"
The Complete Aristotle
- Titel
- The Complete Aristotle
- Autor
- Aristotle
- Datum
- ~322 B.C.
- Sprache
- englisch
- Lizenz
- PD
- Abmessungen
- 21.0 x 29.7 cm
- Seiten
- 2328
- Schlagwörter
- Philosophy, Antique, Philosophie, Antike, Dialogues, Metaphysik, Metaphysics, Ideologie, Ideology, Englisch
- Kategorien
- Geisteswissenschaften
- International
Inhaltsverzeichnis
- Part 1; Logic (Organon) 3
- Categories 4
- On Interpretation 34
- Prior Analytics, Book I 56
- Prior Analytics, Book II 113
- Posterior Analytics, Book I 149
- Posterior Analytics, Book II 193
- Topics, Book I 218
- Topics, Book II 221
- Topics, Book III 237
- Topics, Book IV 248
- Topics, Book V 266
- Topics, Book VI 291
- Topics, Book VII 317
- Topics, Book VIII 326
- On Sophistical Refutations 348
- Part 2; Universal Physics 396
- Physics, Book I 397
- Physics, Book II 415
- Physics, Book III 432
- Physics, Book IV 449
- Physics, Book V 481
- Physics, Book VI 496
- Physics, Book VII 519
- Physics, Book VIII 533
- On the Heavens, Book I 570
- On the Heavens, Book II 599
- On the Heavens, Book III 624
- On the Heavens, Book IV 640
- On Generation and Corruption, Book I 651
- On Generation and Corruption, Book II 685
- Meteorology, Book I 707
- Meteorology, Book II 733
- Meteorology, Book III 760
- Meteorology, Book IV 773
- Part 3; Human Physics 795
- On the Soul, Book I 796
- On the Soul, Book II 815
- On the Soul, Book III 840
- On Sense and the Sensible 861
- On Memory and Reminiscence 889
- On Sleep and Sleeplessness 899
- On Dreams 909
- On Prophesying by Dreams 918
- On Longevity and the Shortness of Life 923
- On Youth, Old Age, Life and Death, and Respiration 929
- Part 4; Animal Physics 952
- The History of Animals, Book I 953
- The History of Animals, Book II translated 977
- The History of Animals, Book III 1000
- The History of Animals, Book IV 1029
- The History of Animals, Book V 1056
- The History of Animals, Book VI 1094
- The History of Animals, Book VII 1135
- The History of Animals, Book VIII 1150
- The History of Animals, Book IX 1186
- On the Parts of Animals, Book I 1234
- On the Parts of Animals, Book II 1249
- On the Parts of Animals, Book III 1281
- On the Parts of Animals, Book IV 1311
- On the Motion of Animals 1351
- On the Gait of Animals 1363
- On the Generation of Animals, Book I 1381
- On the Generation of Animals, Book II 1412
- On the Generation of Animals, Book III 1444
- On the Generation of Animals, Book IV 1469
- On the Generation of Animals, Book V 1496
- Part 5; Metaphysics 1516
- Part 6; Ethics and Politics 1748
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book I 1749
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book II 1766
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book III 1779
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book IV 1799
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book V 1817
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VI 1836
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VII 1851
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VIII 1872
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book IX 1890
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book X 1907
- Politics, Book I 1925
- Politics, Book II 1943
- Politics, Book III 1970
- Politics, Book IV 1997
- Politics, Book V 2023
- Politics, Book VI 2053
- Politics, Book VII 2065
- Politics, Book VIII 2091
- The Athenian Constitution 2102
- Part 7; Aesthetic Writings 2156