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encircling fin goes all round the trunk, whereas it is in part lacking in the
teuthis; both animals are pelagic.
In all cases the head comes after the feet, in the middle of the feet that are
called arms or feelers. There is here situated a mouth, and two teeth in the
mouth; and above these two large eyes, and betwixt the eyes a small cartilage
enclosing a small brain; and within the mouth it has a minute organ of a
fleshy nature, and this it uses as a tongue, for no other tongue does it possess.
Next after this, on the outside, is what looks like a sac; the flesh of which it is
made is divisible, not in long straight strips, but in annular flakes; and all
molluscs have a cuticle around this flesh. Next after or at the back of the
mouth comes a long and narrow oesophagus, and close after that a crop or
craw, large and spherical, like that of a bird; then comes the stomach, like the
fourth stomach in ruminants; and the shape of it resembles the spiral
convolution in the trumpet-shell; from the stomach there goes back again, in
the direction of the mouth, thin gut, and the gut is thicker than the
oesophagus. (See diagram.)
Molluscs have no viscera, but they have what is called a mytis, and on it a
vessel containing a thick black juice; in the sepia or cuttle-fish this vessel is
the largest, and this juice is most abundant. All molluscs, when frightened,
discharge such a juice, but the discharge is most copious in the cuttle-fish.
The mytis, then, is situated under the mouth, and the oesophagus runs through
it; and down below at the point to which the gut extends is the vesicle of the
black juice, and the animal has the vesicle and the gut enveloped in one and
the same membrane, and by the same membrane, same orifice discharges both
the black juice and the residuum. The animals have also certain hair-like or
furry growths in their bodies.
In the sepia, the teuthis, and the teuthus the hard parts are within, towards
the back of the body; those parts are called in one the sepium, and in the other
the ‘sword’. They differ from one another, for the sepium in the cuttle-fish
and teuthus is hard and flat, being a substance intermediate between bone and
fishbone, with (in part) a crumbling, spongy texture, but in the teuthis the part
is thin and somewhat gristly. These parts differ from one another in shape, as
do also the bodies of the animals. The octopus has nothing hard of this kind in
its interior, but it has a gristly substance round the head, which, if the animal
grows old, becomes hard.
The females differ from the males. The males have a duct in under the
oesophagus, extending from the mantle-cavity to the lower portion of the sac,
and there is an organ to which it attaches, resembling a breast; (see diagram)
in the female there are two of these organs, situated higher up; (see diagram)
with both sexes there are underneath these organs certain red formations. The
1031
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Buch The Complete Aristotle"
The Complete Aristotle
- Titel
- The Complete Aristotle
- Autor
- Aristotle
- Datum
- ~322 B.C.
- Sprache
- englisch
- Lizenz
- PD
- Abmessungen
- 21.0 x 29.7 cm
- Seiten
- 2328
- Schlagwörter
- Philosophy, Antique, Philosophie, Antike, Dialogues, Metaphysik, Metaphysics, Ideologie, Ideology, Englisch
- Kategorien
- Geisteswissenschaften
- International
Inhaltsverzeichnis
- Part 1; Logic (Organon) 3
- Categories 4
- On Interpretation 34
- Prior Analytics, Book I 56
- Prior Analytics, Book II 113
- Posterior Analytics, Book I 149
- Posterior Analytics, Book II 193
- Topics, Book I 218
- Topics, Book II 221
- Topics, Book III 237
- Topics, Book IV 248
- Topics, Book V 266
- Topics, Book VI 291
- Topics, Book VII 317
- Topics, Book VIII 326
- On Sophistical Refutations 348
- Part 2; Universal Physics 396
- Physics, Book I 397
- Physics, Book II 415
- Physics, Book III 432
- Physics, Book IV 449
- Physics, Book V 481
- Physics, Book VI 496
- Physics, Book VII 519
- Physics, Book VIII 533
- On the Heavens, Book I 570
- On the Heavens, Book II 599
- On the Heavens, Book III 624
- On the Heavens, Book IV 640
- On Generation and Corruption, Book I 651
- On Generation and Corruption, Book II 685
- Meteorology, Book I 707
- Meteorology, Book II 733
- Meteorology, Book III 760
- Meteorology, Book IV 773
- Part 3; Human Physics 795
- On the Soul, Book I 796
- On the Soul, Book II 815
- On the Soul, Book III 840
- On Sense and the Sensible 861
- On Memory and Reminiscence 889
- On Sleep and Sleeplessness 899
- On Dreams 909
- On Prophesying by Dreams 918
- On Longevity and the Shortness of Life 923
- On Youth, Old Age, Life and Death, and Respiration 929
- Part 4; Animal Physics 952
- The History of Animals, Book I 953
- The History of Animals, Book II translated 977
- The History of Animals, Book III 1000
- The History of Animals, Book IV 1029
- The History of Animals, Book V 1056
- The History of Animals, Book VI 1094
- The History of Animals, Book VII 1135
- The History of Animals, Book VIII 1150
- The History of Animals, Book IX 1186
- On the Parts of Animals, Book I 1234
- On the Parts of Animals, Book II 1249
- On the Parts of Animals, Book III 1281
- On the Parts of Animals, Book IV 1311
- On the Motion of Animals 1351
- On the Gait of Animals 1363
- On the Generation of Animals, Book I 1381
- On the Generation of Animals, Book II 1412
- On the Generation of Animals, Book III 1444
- On the Generation of Animals, Book IV 1469
- On the Generation of Animals, Book V 1496
- Part 5; Metaphysics 1516
- Part 6; Ethics and Politics 1748
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book I 1749
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book II 1766
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book III 1779
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book IV 1799
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book V 1817
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VI 1836
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VII 1851
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VIII 1872
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book IX 1890
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book X 1907
- Politics, Book I 1925
- Politics, Book II 1943
- Politics, Book III 1970
- Politics, Book IV 1997
- Politics, Book V 2023
- Politics, Book VI 2053
- Politics, Book VII 2065
- Politics, Book VIII 2091
- The Athenian Constitution 2102
- Part 7; Aesthetic Writings 2156