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however, they are about twenty months old, but it is universally allowed that
they are capable in this respect at the age of two years. The cow goes with
calf for nine months, and she calves in the tenth month; some maintain that
they go in calf for ten months, to the very day. A calf delivered before the
times here specified is an abortion and never lives, however little premature
its birth may have been, as its hooves are weak and imperfect. The cow as a
rule bears but one calf, very seldom two; she submits to the bull and bears as
long as she lives.
Cows live for about fifteen years, and the bulls too, if they have been
castrated; but some live for twenty years or even more, if their bodily
constitutions be sound. The herdsmen tame the castrated bulls, and give them
an office in the herd analogous to the office of the bell-wether in a flock; and
these bulls live to an exceptionally advanced age, owing to their exemption
from hardship and to their browsing on pasture of good quality. The bull is in
fullest vigour when five years old, which leads the critics to commend Homer
for applying to the bull the epithets of ‘five-year-old’, or ‘of nine seasons’,
which epithets are alike in meaning. The ox sheds his teeth at the age of two
years, not all together but just as the horse sheds his. When the animal suffers
from podagra it does not shed the hoof, but is subject to a painful swelling in
the feet. The milk of the cow is serviceable after parturition, and before
parturition there is no milk at all. The milk that first presents itself becomes as
hard as stone when it clots; this result ensues unless it be previously diluted
with water. Oxen younger than a year old do not copulate unless under
circumstances of an unnatural and portentous kind: instances have been
recorded of copulation in both sexes at the age of four months. Kine in
general begin to submit to the male about the month of Thargelion or of
Scirophorion; some, however, are capable of conception right on to the
autumn. When kine in large numbers receive the bull and conceive, it is
looked upon as prognostic of rain and stormy weather. Kine herd together like
mares, but in lesser degree.
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22
In the case of horses, the stallion and the mare are first fitted for breeding
purposes when two years old. Instances, however, of such early maturity are
rare, and their young are exceptionally small and weak; the ordinary age for
sexual maturity is three years, and from that age to twenty the two sexes go
on improving in the quality of their offspring. The mare carries her foal for
1123
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Buch The Complete Aristotle"
The Complete Aristotle
- Titel
- The Complete Aristotle
- Autor
- Aristotle
- Datum
- ~322 B.C.
- Sprache
- englisch
- Lizenz
- PD
- Abmessungen
- 21.0 x 29.7 cm
- Seiten
- 2328
- Schlagwörter
- Philosophy, Antique, Philosophie, Antike, Dialogues, Metaphysik, Metaphysics, Ideologie, Ideology, Englisch
- Kategorien
- Geisteswissenschaften
- International
Inhaltsverzeichnis
- Part 1; Logic (Organon) 3
- Categories 4
- On Interpretation 34
- Prior Analytics, Book I 56
- Prior Analytics, Book II 113
- Posterior Analytics, Book I 149
- Posterior Analytics, Book II 193
- Topics, Book I 218
- Topics, Book II 221
- Topics, Book III 237
- Topics, Book IV 248
- Topics, Book V 266
- Topics, Book VI 291
- Topics, Book VII 317
- Topics, Book VIII 326
- On Sophistical Refutations 348
- Part 2; Universal Physics 396
- Physics, Book I 397
- Physics, Book II 415
- Physics, Book III 432
- Physics, Book IV 449
- Physics, Book V 481
- Physics, Book VI 496
- Physics, Book VII 519
- Physics, Book VIII 533
- On the Heavens, Book I 570
- On the Heavens, Book II 599
- On the Heavens, Book III 624
- On the Heavens, Book IV 640
- On Generation and Corruption, Book I 651
- On Generation and Corruption, Book II 685
- Meteorology, Book I 707
- Meteorology, Book II 733
- Meteorology, Book III 760
- Meteorology, Book IV 773
- Part 3; Human Physics 795
- On the Soul, Book I 796
- On the Soul, Book II 815
- On the Soul, Book III 840
- On Sense and the Sensible 861
- On Memory and Reminiscence 889
- On Sleep and Sleeplessness 899
- On Dreams 909
- On Prophesying by Dreams 918
- On Longevity and the Shortness of Life 923
- On Youth, Old Age, Life and Death, and Respiration 929
- Part 4; Animal Physics 952
- The History of Animals, Book I 953
- The History of Animals, Book II translated 977
- The History of Animals, Book III 1000
- The History of Animals, Book IV 1029
- The History of Animals, Book V 1056
- The History of Animals, Book VI 1094
- The History of Animals, Book VII 1135
- The History of Animals, Book VIII 1150
- The History of Animals, Book IX 1186
- On the Parts of Animals, Book I 1234
- On the Parts of Animals, Book II 1249
- On the Parts of Animals, Book III 1281
- On the Parts of Animals, Book IV 1311
- On the Motion of Animals 1351
- On the Gait of Animals 1363
- On the Generation of Animals, Book I 1381
- On the Generation of Animals, Book II 1412
- On the Generation of Animals, Book III 1444
- On the Generation of Animals, Book IV 1469
- On the Generation of Animals, Book V 1496
- Part 5; Metaphysics 1516
- Part 6; Ethics and Politics 1748
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book I 1749
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book II 1766
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book III 1779
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book IV 1799
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book V 1817
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VI 1836
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VII 1851
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VIII 1872
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book IX 1890
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book X 1907
- Politics, Book I 1925
- Politics, Book II 1943
- Politics, Book III 1970
- Politics, Book IV 1997
- Politics, Book V 2023
- Politics, Book VI 2053
- Politics, Book VII 2065
- Politics, Book VIII 2091
- The Athenian Constitution 2102
- Part 7; Aesthetic Writings 2156