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at the sides.
All animals alike have the head upwards to begin with; but as they grow
and approach the term of egress from the womb they turn downwards, and
birth in the natural course of things takes place in all animals head foremost;
but in abnormal cases it may take place in a bent position, or feet foremost.
The young of quadrupeds when they are near their full time contain
excrements, both liquid and in the form of solid lumps, the latter in the lower
part of the bowel and the urine in the bladder.
In those animals that have cotyledons in the womb the cotyledons grow
less as the embryo grows bigger, and at length they disappear altogether. The
navel-string is a sheath wrapped about blood-vessels which have their origin
in the womb, from the cotyledons in those animals which possess them and
from a blood-vessel in those which do not. In the larger animals, such as the
embryos of oxen, the vessels are four in number, and in smaller animals two;
in the very little ones, such as fowls, one vessel only.
Of the four vessels that run into the embryo, two pass through the liver
where the so-called gates or ‘portae’ are, running in the direction of the great
vein, and the other two run in the direction of the aorta towards the point
where it divides and becomes two vessels instead of one. Around each pair of
blood-vessels are membranes, and surrounding these membranes is the navel-
string itself, after the manner of a sheath. And as the embryo grows, the veins
themselves tend more and more to dwindle in size. And also as the embryo
matures it comes down into the hollow of the womb and is observed to move
here, and sometimes rolls over in the vicinity of the groin.
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9
When women are in labour, their pains determine towards many divers
parts of the body, and in most cases to one or other of the thighs. Those are
the quickest to be delivered who experience severe pains in the region of the
belly; and parturition is difficult in those who begin by suffering pain in the
loins, and speedy when the pain is abdominal. If the child about to be born be
a male, the preliminary flood is watery and pale in colour, but if a girl it is
tinged with blood, though still watery. In some cases of labour these latter
phenomena do not occur, either one way or the other.
In other animals parturition is unaccompanied by pain, and the dam is
1146
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Buch The Complete Aristotle"
The Complete Aristotle
- Titel
- The Complete Aristotle
- Autor
- Aristotle
- Datum
- ~322 B.C.
- Sprache
- englisch
- Lizenz
- PD
- Abmessungen
- 21.0 x 29.7 cm
- Seiten
- 2328
- Schlagwörter
- Philosophy, Antique, Philosophie, Antike, Dialogues, Metaphysik, Metaphysics, Ideologie, Ideology, Englisch
- Kategorien
- Geisteswissenschaften
- International
Inhaltsverzeichnis
- Part 1; Logic (Organon) 3
- Categories 4
- On Interpretation 34
- Prior Analytics, Book I 56
- Prior Analytics, Book II 113
- Posterior Analytics, Book I 149
- Posterior Analytics, Book II 193
- Topics, Book I 218
- Topics, Book II 221
- Topics, Book III 237
- Topics, Book IV 248
- Topics, Book V 266
- Topics, Book VI 291
- Topics, Book VII 317
- Topics, Book VIII 326
- On Sophistical Refutations 348
- Part 2; Universal Physics 396
- Physics, Book I 397
- Physics, Book II 415
- Physics, Book III 432
- Physics, Book IV 449
- Physics, Book V 481
- Physics, Book VI 496
- Physics, Book VII 519
- Physics, Book VIII 533
- On the Heavens, Book I 570
- On the Heavens, Book II 599
- On the Heavens, Book III 624
- On the Heavens, Book IV 640
- On Generation and Corruption, Book I 651
- On Generation and Corruption, Book II 685
- Meteorology, Book I 707
- Meteorology, Book II 733
- Meteorology, Book III 760
- Meteorology, Book IV 773
- Part 3; Human Physics 795
- On the Soul, Book I 796
- On the Soul, Book II 815
- On the Soul, Book III 840
- On Sense and the Sensible 861
- On Memory and Reminiscence 889
- On Sleep and Sleeplessness 899
- On Dreams 909
- On Prophesying by Dreams 918
- On Longevity and the Shortness of Life 923
- On Youth, Old Age, Life and Death, and Respiration 929
- Part 4; Animal Physics 952
- The History of Animals, Book I 953
- The History of Animals, Book II translated 977
- The History of Animals, Book III 1000
- The History of Animals, Book IV 1029
- The History of Animals, Book V 1056
- The History of Animals, Book VI 1094
- The History of Animals, Book VII 1135
- The History of Animals, Book VIII 1150
- The History of Animals, Book IX 1186
- On the Parts of Animals, Book I 1234
- On the Parts of Animals, Book II 1249
- On the Parts of Animals, Book III 1281
- On the Parts of Animals, Book IV 1311
- On the Motion of Animals 1351
- On the Gait of Animals 1363
- On the Generation of Animals, Book I 1381
- On the Generation of Animals, Book II 1412
- On the Generation of Animals, Book III 1444
- On the Generation of Animals, Book IV 1469
- On the Generation of Animals, Book V 1496
- Part 5; Metaphysics 1516
- Part 6; Ethics and Politics 1748
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book I 1749
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book II 1766
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book III 1779
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book IV 1799
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book V 1817
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VI 1836
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VII 1851
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VIII 1872
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book IX 1890
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book X 1907
- Politics, Book I 1925
- Politics, Book II 1943
- Politics, Book III 1970
- Politics, Book IV 1997
- Politics, Book V 2023
- Politics, Book VI 2053
- Politics, Book VII 2065
- Politics, Book VIII 2091
- The Athenian Constitution 2102
- Part 7; Aesthetic Writings 2156