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is, viz. that it is the finding of a mean; and similarly in all other cases. And we
know about becomings and actions and about every change when we know
the source of the movement; and this is other than and opposed to the end.
Therefore it would seem to belong to different sciences to investigate these
causes severally.
But (2), taking the starting-points of demonstration as well as the causes, it
is a disputable question whether they are the object of one science or of more
(by the starting-points of demonstration I mean the common beliefs, on which
all men base their proofs); e.g. that everything must be either affirmed or
denied, and that a thing cannot at the same time be and not be, and all other
such premisses:-the question is whether the same science deals with them as
with substance, or a different science, and if it is not one science, which of the
two must be identified with that which we now seek.-It is not reasonable that
these topics should be the object of one science; for why should it be
peculiarly appropriate to geometry or to any other science to understand these
matters? If then it belongs to every science alike, and cannot belong to all, it
is not peculiar to the science which investigates substances, any more than to
any other science, to know about these topics.-And, at the same time, in what
way can there be a science of the first principles? For we are aware even now
what each of them in fact is (at least even other sciences use them as
familiar); but if there is a demonstrative science which deals with them, there
will have to be an underlying kind, and some of them must be demonstrable
attributes and others must be axioms (for it is impossible that there should be
demonstration about all of them); for the demonstration must start from
certain premisses and be about a certain subject and prove certain attributes.
Therefore it follows that all attributes that are proved must belong to a single
class; for all demonstrative sciences use the axioms.
But if the science of substance and the science which deals with the axioms
are different, which of them is by nature more authoritative and prior? The
axioms are most universal and are principles of all things. And if it is not the
business of the philosopher, to whom else will it belong to inquire what is true
and what is untrue about them?
(3) In general, do all substances fall under one science or under more than
one? If the latter, to what sort of substance is the present science to be
assigned?-On the other hand, it is not reasonable that one science should deal
with all. For then there would be one demonstrative science dealing with all
attributes. For ever demonstrative science investigates with regard to some
subject its essential attributes, starting from the common beliefs. Therefore to
investigate the essential attributes of one class of things, starting from one set
of beliefs, is the business of one science. For the subject belongs to one
1546
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Buch The Complete Aristotle"
The Complete Aristotle
- Titel
- The Complete Aristotle
- Autor
- Aristotle
- Datum
- ~322 B.C.
- Sprache
- englisch
- Lizenz
- PD
- Abmessungen
- 21.0 x 29.7 cm
- Seiten
- 2328
- Schlagwörter
- Philosophy, Antique, Philosophie, Antike, Dialogues, Metaphysik, Metaphysics, Ideologie, Ideology, Englisch
- Kategorien
- Geisteswissenschaften
- International
Inhaltsverzeichnis
- Part 1; Logic (Organon) 3
- Categories 4
- On Interpretation 34
- Prior Analytics, Book I 56
- Prior Analytics, Book II 113
- Posterior Analytics, Book I 149
- Posterior Analytics, Book II 193
- Topics, Book I 218
- Topics, Book II 221
- Topics, Book III 237
- Topics, Book IV 248
- Topics, Book V 266
- Topics, Book VI 291
- Topics, Book VII 317
- Topics, Book VIII 326
- On Sophistical Refutations 348
- Part 2; Universal Physics 396
- Physics, Book I 397
- Physics, Book II 415
- Physics, Book III 432
- Physics, Book IV 449
- Physics, Book V 481
- Physics, Book VI 496
- Physics, Book VII 519
- Physics, Book VIII 533
- On the Heavens, Book I 570
- On the Heavens, Book II 599
- On the Heavens, Book III 624
- On the Heavens, Book IV 640
- On Generation and Corruption, Book I 651
- On Generation and Corruption, Book II 685
- Meteorology, Book I 707
- Meteorology, Book II 733
- Meteorology, Book III 760
- Meteorology, Book IV 773
- Part 3; Human Physics 795
- On the Soul, Book I 796
- On the Soul, Book II 815
- On the Soul, Book III 840
- On Sense and the Sensible 861
- On Memory and Reminiscence 889
- On Sleep and Sleeplessness 899
- On Dreams 909
- On Prophesying by Dreams 918
- On Longevity and the Shortness of Life 923
- On Youth, Old Age, Life and Death, and Respiration 929
- Part 4; Animal Physics 952
- The History of Animals, Book I 953
- The History of Animals, Book II translated 977
- The History of Animals, Book III 1000
- The History of Animals, Book IV 1029
- The History of Animals, Book V 1056
- The History of Animals, Book VI 1094
- The History of Animals, Book VII 1135
- The History of Animals, Book VIII 1150
- The History of Animals, Book IX 1186
- On the Parts of Animals, Book I 1234
- On the Parts of Animals, Book II 1249
- On the Parts of Animals, Book III 1281
- On the Parts of Animals, Book IV 1311
- On the Motion of Animals 1351
- On the Gait of Animals 1363
- On the Generation of Animals, Book I 1381
- On the Generation of Animals, Book II 1412
- On the Generation of Animals, Book III 1444
- On the Generation of Animals, Book IV 1469
- On the Generation of Animals, Book V 1496
- Part 5; Metaphysics 1516
- Part 6; Ethics and Politics 1748
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book I 1749
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book II 1766
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book III 1779
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book IV 1799
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book V 1817
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VI 1836
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VII 1851
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VIII 1872
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book IX 1890
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book X 1907
- Politics, Book I 1925
- Politics, Book II 1943
- Politics, Book III 1970
- Politics, Book IV 1997
- Politics, Book V 2023
- Politics, Book VI 2053
- Politics, Book VII 2065
- Politics, Book VIII 2091
- The Athenian Constitution 2102
- Part 7; Aesthetic Writings 2156