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5
From the same opinion proceeds the doctrine of Protagoras, and both
doctrines must be alike true or alike untrue. For on the one hand, if all
opinions and appearances are true, all statements must be at the same time
true and false. For many men hold beliefs in which they conflict with one
another, and think those mistaken who have not the same opinions as
themselves; so that the same thing must both be and not be. And on the other
hand, if this is so, all opinions must be true; for those who are mistaken and
those who are right are opposed to one another in their opinions; if, then,
reality is such as the view in question supposes, all will be right in their
beliefs.
Evidently, then, both doctrines proceed from the same way of thinking. But
the same method of discussion must not be used with all opponents; for some
need persuasion, and others compulsion. Those who have been driven to this
position by difficulties in their thinking can easily be cured of their ignorance;
for it is not their expressed argument but their thought that one has to meet.
But those who argue for the sake of argument can be cured only by refuting
the argument as expressed in speech and in words.
Those who really feel the difficulties have been led to this opinion by
observation of the sensible world. (1) They think that contradictories or
contraries are true at the same time, because they see contraries coming into
existence out of the same thing. If, then, that which is not cannot come to be,
the thing must have existed before as both contraries alike, as Anaxagoras
says all is mixed in all, and Democritus too; for he says the void and the full
exist alike in every part, and yet one of these is being, and the other non-
being. To those, then, whose belief rests on these grounds, we shall say that in
a sense they speak rightly and in a sense they err. For ‘that which is’ has two
meanings, so that in some sense a thing can come to be out of that which is
not, while in some sense it cannot, and the same thing can at the same time be
in being and not in being-but not in the same respect. For the same thing can
be potentially at the same time two contraries, but it cannot actually. And
again we shall ask them to believe that among existing things there is also
another kind of substance to which neither movement nor destruction nor
generation at all belongs.
And (2) similarly some have inferred from observation of the sensible
world the truth of appearances. For they think that the truth should not be
determined by the large or small number of those who hold a belief, and that
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Buch The Complete Aristotle"
The Complete Aristotle
- Titel
- The Complete Aristotle
- Autor
- Aristotle
- Datum
- ~322 B.C.
- Sprache
- englisch
- Lizenz
- PD
- Abmessungen
- 21.0 x 29.7 cm
- Seiten
- 2328
- Schlagwörter
- Philosophy, Antique, Philosophie, Antike, Dialogues, Metaphysik, Metaphysics, Ideologie, Ideology, Englisch
- Kategorien
- Geisteswissenschaften
- International
Inhaltsverzeichnis
- Part 1; Logic (Organon) 3
- Categories 4
- On Interpretation 34
- Prior Analytics, Book I 56
- Prior Analytics, Book II 113
- Posterior Analytics, Book I 149
- Posterior Analytics, Book II 193
- Topics, Book I 218
- Topics, Book II 221
- Topics, Book III 237
- Topics, Book IV 248
- Topics, Book V 266
- Topics, Book VI 291
- Topics, Book VII 317
- Topics, Book VIII 326
- On Sophistical Refutations 348
- Part 2; Universal Physics 396
- Physics, Book I 397
- Physics, Book II 415
- Physics, Book III 432
- Physics, Book IV 449
- Physics, Book V 481
- Physics, Book VI 496
- Physics, Book VII 519
- Physics, Book VIII 533
- On the Heavens, Book I 570
- On the Heavens, Book II 599
- On the Heavens, Book III 624
- On the Heavens, Book IV 640
- On Generation and Corruption, Book I 651
- On Generation and Corruption, Book II 685
- Meteorology, Book I 707
- Meteorology, Book II 733
- Meteorology, Book III 760
- Meteorology, Book IV 773
- Part 3; Human Physics 795
- On the Soul, Book I 796
- On the Soul, Book II 815
- On the Soul, Book III 840
- On Sense and the Sensible 861
- On Memory and Reminiscence 889
- On Sleep and Sleeplessness 899
- On Dreams 909
- On Prophesying by Dreams 918
- On Longevity and the Shortness of Life 923
- On Youth, Old Age, Life and Death, and Respiration 929
- Part 4; Animal Physics 952
- The History of Animals, Book I 953
- The History of Animals, Book II translated 977
- The History of Animals, Book III 1000
- The History of Animals, Book IV 1029
- The History of Animals, Book V 1056
- The History of Animals, Book VI 1094
- The History of Animals, Book VII 1135
- The History of Animals, Book VIII 1150
- The History of Animals, Book IX 1186
- On the Parts of Animals, Book I 1234
- On the Parts of Animals, Book II 1249
- On the Parts of Animals, Book III 1281
- On the Parts of Animals, Book IV 1311
- On the Motion of Animals 1351
- On the Gait of Animals 1363
- On the Generation of Animals, Book I 1381
- On the Generation of Animals, Book II 1412
- On the Generation of Animals, Book III 1444
- On the Generation of Animals, Book IV 1469
- On the Generation of Animals, Book V 1496
- Part 5; Metaphysics 1516
- Part 6; Ethics and Politics 1748
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book I 1749
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book II 1766
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book III 1779
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book IV 1799
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book V 1817
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VI 1836
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VII 1851
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VIII 1872
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book IX 1890
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book X 1907
- Politics, Book I 1925
- Politics, Book II 1943
- Politics, Book III 1970
- Politics, Book IV 1997
- Politics, Book V 2023
- Politics, Book VI 2053
- Politics, Book VII 2065
- Politics, Book VIII 2091
- The Athenian Constitution 2102
- Part 7; Aesthetic Writings 2156