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inhabitants became aware of the fact. This difficulty may, however, with
advantage be deferred to another occasion; the statesman has to consider the
size of the state, and whether it should consist of more than one nation or not.
Again, shall we say that while the race of inhabitants, as well as their place
of abode, remain the same, the city is also the same, although the citizens are
always dying and being born, as we call rivers and fountains the same,
although the water is always flowing away and coming again Or shall we say
that the generations of men, like the rivers, are the same, but that the state
changes? For, since the state is a partnership, and is a partnership of citizens
in a constitution, when the form of government changes, and becomes
different, then it may be supposed that the state is no longer the same, just as
a tragic differs from a comic chorus, although the members of both may be
identical. And in this manner we speak of every union or composition of
elements as different when the form of their composition alters; for example,
a scale containing the same sounds is said to be different, accordingly as the
Dorian or the Phrygian mode is employed. And if this is true it is evident that
the sameness of the state consists chiefly in the sameness of the constitution,
and it may be called or not called by the same name, whether the inhabitants
are the same or entirely different. It is quite another question, whether a state
ought or ought not to fulfill engagements when the form of government
changes.
IV
There is a point nearly allied to the preceding: Whether the virtue of a good
man and a good citizen is the same or not. But, before entering on this
discussion, we must certainly first obtain some general notion of the virtue of
the citizen. Like the sailor, the citizen is a member of a community. Now,
sailors have different functions, for one of them is a rower, another a pilot,
and a third a look-out man, a fourth is described by some similar term; and
while the precise definition of each individual’s virtue applies exclusively to
him, there is, at the same time, a common definition applicable to them all.
For they have all of them a common object, which is safety in navigation.
Similarly, one citizen differs from another, but the salvation of the community
is the common business of them all. This community is the constitution; the
virtue of the citizen must therefore be relative to the constitution of which he
is a member. If, then, there are many forms of government, it is evident that
there is not one single virtue of the good citizen which is perfect virtue. But
we say that the good man is he who has one single virtue which is perfect
virtue. Hence it is evident that the good citizen need not of necessity possess
the virtue which makes a good man.
1973
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Buch The Complete Aristotle"
The Complete Aristotle
- Titel
- The Complete Aristotle
- Autor
- Aristotle
- Datum
- ~322 B.C.
- Sprache
- englisch
- Lizenz
- PD
- Abmessungen
- 21.0 x 29.7 cm
- Seiten
- 2328
- Schlagwörter
- Philosophy, Antique, Philosophie, Antike, Dialogues, Metaphysik, Metaphysics, Ideologie, Ideology, Englisch
- Kategorien
- Geisteswissenschaften
- International
Inhaltsverzeichnis
- Part 1; Logic (Organon) 3
- Categories 4
- On Interpretation 34
- Prior Analytics, Book I 56
- Prior Analytics, Book II 113
- Posterior Analytics, Book I 149
- Posterior Analytics, Book II 193
- Topics, Book I 218
- Topics, Book II 221
- Topics, Book III 237
- Topics, Book IV 248
- Topics, Book V 266
- Topics, Book VI 291
- Topics, Book VII 317
- Topics, Book VIII 326
- On Sophistical Refutations 348
- Part 2; Universal Physics 396
- Physics, Book I 397
- Physics, Book II 415
- Physics, Book III 432
- Physics, Book IV 449
- Physics, Book V 481
- Physics, Book VI 496
- Physics, Book VII 519
- Physics, Book VIII 533
- On the Heavens, Book I 570
- On the Heavens, Book II 599
- On the Heavens, Book III 624
- On the Heavens, Book IV 640
- On Generation and Corruption, Book I 651
- On Generation and Corruption, Book II 685
- Meteorology, Book I 707
- Meteorology, Book II 733
- Meteorology, Book III 760
- Meteorology, Book IV 773
- Part 3; Human Physics 795
- On the Soul, Book I 796
- On the Soul, Book II 815
- On the Soul, Book III 840
- On Sense and the Sensible 861
- On Memory and Reminiscence 889
- On Sleep and Sleeplessness 899
- On Dreams 909
- On Prophesying by Dreams 918
- On Longevity and the Shortness of Life 923
- On Youth, Old Age, Life and Death, and Respiration 929
- Part 4; Animal Physics 952
- The History of Animals, Book I 953
- The History of Animals, Book II translated 977
- The History of Animals, Book III 1000
- The History of Animals, Book IV 1029
- The History of Animals, Book V 1056
- The History of Animals, Book VI 1094
- The History of Animals, Book VII 1135
- The History of Animals, Book VIII 1150
- The History of Animals, Book IX 1186
- On the Parts of Animals, Book I 1234
- On the Parts of Animals, Book II 1249
- On the Parts of Animals, Book III 1281
- On the Parts of Animals, Book IV 1311
- On the Motion of Animals 1351
- On the Gait of Animals 1363
- On the Generation of Animals, Book I 1381
- On the Generation of Animals, Book II 1412
- On the Generation of Animals, Book III 1444
- On the Generation of Animals, Book IV 1469
- On the Generation of Animals, Book V 1496
- Part 5; Metaphysics 1516
- Part 6; Ethics and Politics 1748
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book I 1749
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book II 1766
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book III 1779
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book IV 1799
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book V 1817
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VI 1836
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VII 1851
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VIII 1872
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book IX 1890
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book X 1907
- Politics, Book I 1925
- Politics, Book II 1943
- Politics, Book III 1970
- Politics, Book IV 1997
- Politics, Book V 2023
- Politics, Book VI 2053
- Politics, Book VII 2065
- Politics, Book VIII 2091
- The Athenian Constitution 2102
- Part 7; Aesthetic Writings 2156