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It is not a new or recent discovery of political philosophers that the state
ought to be divided into classes, and that the warriors should be separated
from the husbandmen. The system has continued in Egypt and in Crete to this
day, and was established, as tradition says, by a law of Sesostris in Egypt and
of Minos in Crete. The institution of common tables also appears to be of
ancient date, being in Crete as old as the reign of Minos, and in Italy far older.
The Italian historians say that there was a certain Italus, king of Oenotria,
from whom the Oenotrians were called Italians, and who gave the name of
Italy to the promontory of Europe lying within the Scylletic and Lametic
Gulfs, which are distant from one another only half a day’s journey. They say
that this Italus converted the Oenotrians from shepherds into husbandmen,
and besides other laws which he gave them, was the founder of their common
meals; even in our day some who are derived from him retain this institution
and certain other laws of his. On the side of Italy towards Tyrrhenia dwelt the
Opici, who are now, as of old, called Ausones; and on the side towards
Iapygia and the Ionian Gulf, in the district called Siritis, the Chones, who are
likewise of Oenotrian race. From this part of the world originally came the
institution of common tables; the separation into castes from Egypt, for the
reign of Sesostris is of far greater antiquity than that of Minos. It is true
indeed that these and many other things have been invented several times
over in the course of ages, or rather times without number; for necessity may
be supposed to have taught men the inventions which were absolutely
required, and when these were provided, it was natural that other things which
would adorn and enrich life should grow up by degrees. And we may infer
that in political institutions the same rule holds. Egypt witnesses to the
antiquity of all these things, for the Egyptians appear to be of all people the
most ancient; and they have laws and a regular constitution existing from time
immemorial. We should therefore make the best use of what has been already
discovered, and try to supply defects.
I have already remarked that the land ought to belong to those who possess
arms and have a share in the government, and that the husbandmen ought to
be a class distinct from them; and I have determined what should be the
extent and nature of the territory. Let me proceed to discuss the distribution of
the land, and the character of the agricultural class; for I do not think that
property ought to be common, as some maintain, but only that by friendly
consent there should be a common use of it; and that no citizen should be in
want of subsistence.
As to common meals, there is a general agreement that a well ordered city
should have them; and we will hereafter explain what are our own reasons for
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Buch The Complete Aristotle"
The Complete Aristotle
- Titel
- The Complete Aristotle
- Autor
- Aristotle
- Datum
- ~322 B.C.
- Sprache
- englisch
- Lizenz
- PD
- Abmessungen
- 21.0 x 29.7 cm
- Seiten
- 2328
- Schlagwörter
- Philosophy, Antique, Philosophie, Antike, Dialogues, Metaphysik, Metaphysics, Ideologie, Ideology, Englisch
- Kategorien
- Geisteswissenschaften
- International
Inhaltsverzeichnis
- Part 1; Logic (Organon) 3
- Categories 4
- On Interpretation 34
- Prior Analytics, Book I 56
- Prior Analytics, Book II 113
- Posterior Analytics, Book I 149
- Posterior Analytics, Book II 193
- Topics, Book I 218
- Topics, Book II 221
- Topics, Book III 237
- Topics, Book IV 248
- Topics, Book V 266
- Topics, Book VI 291
- Topics, Book VII 317
- Topics, Book VIII 326
- On Sophistical Refutations 348
- Part 2; Universal Physics 396
- Physics, Book I 397
- Physics, Book II 415
- Physics, Book III 432
- Physics, Book IV 449
- Physics, Book V 481
- Physics, Book VI 496
- Physics, Book VII 519
- Physics, Book VIII 533
- On the Heavens, Book I 570
- On the Heavens, Book II 599
- On the Heavens, Book III 624
- On the Heavens, Book IV 640
- On Generation and Corruption, Book I 651
- On Generation and Corruption, Book II 685
- Meteorology, Book I 707
- Meteorology, Book II 733
- Meteorology, Book III 760
- Meteorology, Book IV 773
- Part 3; Human Physics 795
- On the Soul, Book I 796
- On the Soul, Book II 815
- On the Soul, Book III 840
- On Sense and the Sensible 861
- On Memory and Reminiscence 889
- On Sleep and Sleeplessness 899
- On Dreams 909
- On Prophesying by Dreams 918
- On Longevity and the Shortness of Life 923
- On Youth, Old Age, Life and Death, and Respiration 929
- Part 4; Animal Physics 952
- The History of Animals, Book I 953
- The History of Animals, Book II translated 977
- The History of Animals, Book III 1000
- The History of Animals, Book IV 1029
- The History of Animals, Book V 1056
- The History of Animals, Book VI 1094
- The History of Animals, Book VII 1135
- The History of Animals, Book VIII 1150
- The History of Animals, Book IX 1186
- On the Parts of Animals, Book I 1234
- On the Parts of Animals, Book II 1249
- On the Parts of Animals, Book III 1281
- On the Parts of Animals, Book IV 1311
- On the Motion of Animals 1351
- On the Gait of Animals 1363
- On the Generation of Animals, Book I 1381
- On the Generation of Animals, Book II 1412
- On the Generation of Animals, Book III 1444
- On the Generation of Animals, Book IV 1469
- On the Generation of Animals, Book V 1496
- Part 5; Metaphysics 1516
- Part 6; Ethics and Politics 1748
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book I 1749
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book II 1766
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book III 1779
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book IV 1799
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book V 1817
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VI 1836
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VII 1851
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VIII 1872
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book IX 1890
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book X 1907
- Politics, Book I 1925
- Politics, Book II 1943
- Politics, Book III 1970
- Politics, Book IV 1997
- Politics, Book V 2023
- Politics, Book VI 2053
- Politics, Book VII 2065
- Politics, Book VIII 2091
- The Athenian Constitution 2102
- Part 7; Aesthetic Writings 2156