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There is still a third differenceâthe manner in which each of these objects
may be imitated. For the medium being the same, and the objects the same,
the poet may imitate by narrationâin which case he can either take another
personality as Homer does, or speak in his own person, unchangedâor he
may present all his characters as living and moving before us.
These, then, as we said at the beginning, are the three differences which
distinguish artistic imitationâthe medium, the objects, and the manner. So
that from one point of view, Sophocles is an imitator of the same kind as
Homerâfor both imitate higher types of character; from another point of
view, of the same kind as Aristophanesâfor both imitate persons acting and
doing. Hence, some say, the name of âdramaâ is given to such poems, as
representing action. For the same reason the Dorians claim the invention both
of Tragedy and Comedy. The claim to Comedy is put forward by the
Megariansânot only by those of Greece proper, who allege that it originated
under their democracy, but also by the Megarians of Sicily, for the poet
Epicharmus, who is much earlier than Chionides and Magnes, belonged to
that country. Tragedy too is claimed by certain Dorians of the Peloponnese. In
each case they appeal to the evidence of language. The outlying villages, they
say, are by them called komai, by the Athenians demoi: and they assume that
comedians were so named not from komazein, âto revel,â but because they
wandered from village to village (kata komas), being excluded
contemptuously from the city. They add also that the Dorian word for âdoingâ
is dran, and the Athenian, prattein.
This may suffice as to the number and nature of the various modes of
imitation.
IV
Poetry in general seems to have sprung from two causes, each of them
lying deep in our nature. First, the instinct of imitation is implanted in man
from childhood, one difference between him and other animals being that he
is the most imitative of living creatures, and through imitation learns his
earliest lessons; and no less universal is the pleasure felt in things imitated.
We have evidence of this in the facts of experience. Objects which in
themselves we view with pain, we delight to contemplate when reproduced
with minute fidelity: such as the forms of the most ignoble animals and of
dead bodies. The cause of this again is, that to learn gives the liveliest
pleasure, not only to philosophers but to men in general; whose capacity,
however, of learning is more limited. Thus the reason why men enjoy seeing a
likeness is, that in contemplating it they find themselves learning or inferring,
and saying perhaps, âAh, that is he.â For if you happen not to have seen the
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Buch The Complete Aristotle"
The Complete Aristotle
- Titel
- The Complete Aristotle
- Autor
- Aristotle
- Datum
- ~322 B.C.
- Sprache
- englisch
- Lizenz
- PD
- Abmessungen
- 21.0 x 29.7 cm
- Seiten
- 2328
- Schlagwörter
- Philosophy, Antique, Philosophie, Antike, Dialogues, Metaphysik, Metaphysics, Ideologie, Ideology, Englisch
- Kategorien
- Geisteswissenschaften
- International
Inhaltsverzeichnis
- Part 1; Logic (Organon) 3
- Categories 4
- On Interpretation 34
- Prior Analytics, Book I 56
- Prior Analytics, Book II 113
- Posterior Analytics, Book I 149
- Posterior Analytics, Book II 193
- Topics, Book I 218
- Topics, Book II 221
- Topics, Book III 237
- Topics, Book IV 248
- Topics, Book V 266
- Topics, Book VI 291
- Topics, Book VII 317
- Topics, Book VIII 326
- On Sophistical Refutations 348
- Part 2; Universal Physics 396
- Physics, Book I 397
- Physics, Book II 415
- Physics, Book III 432
- Physics, Book IV 449
- Physics, Book V 481
- Physics, Book VI 496
- Physics, Book VII 519
- Physics, Book VIII 533
- On the Heavens, Book I 570
- On the Heavens, Book II 599
- On the Heavens, Book III 624
- On the Heavens, Book IV 640
- On Generation and Corruption, Book I 651
- On Generation and Corruption, Book II 685
- Meteorology, Book I 707
- Meteorology, Book II 733
- Meteorology, Book III 760
- Meteorology, Book IV 773
- Part 3; Human Physics 795
- On the Soul, Book I 796
- On the Soul, Book II 815
- On the Soul, Book III 840
- On Sense and the Sensible 861
- On Memory and Reminiscence 889
- On Sleep and Sleeplessness 899
- On Dreams 909
- On Prophesying by Dreams 918
- On Longevity and the Shortness of Life 923
- On Youth, Old Age, Life and Death, and Respiration 929
- Part 4; Animal Physics 952
- The History of Animals, Book I 953
- The History of Animals, Book II translated 977
- The History of Animals, Book III 1000
- The History of Animals, Book IV 1029
- The History of Animals, Book V 1056
- The History of Animals, Book VI 1094
- The History of Animals, Book VII 1135
- The History of Animals, Book VIII 1150
- The History of Animals, Book IX 1186
- On the Parts of Animals, Book I 1234
- On the Parts of Animals, Book II 1249
- On the Parts of Animals, Book III 1281
- On the Parts of Animals, Book IV 1311
- On the Motion of Animals 1351
- On the Gait of Animals 1363
- On the Generation of Animals, Book I 1381
- On the Generation of Animals, Book II 1412
- On the Generation of Animals, Book III 1444
- On the Generation of Animals, Book IV 1469
- On the Generation of Animals, Book V 1496
- Part 5; Metaphysics 1516
- Part 6; Ethics and Politics 1748
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book I 1749
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book II 1766
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book III 1779
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book IV 1799
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book V 1817
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VI 1836
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VII 1851
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VIII 1872
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book IX 1890
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book X 1907
- Politics, Book I 1925
- Politics, Book II 1943
- Politics, Book III 1970
- Politics, Book IV 1997
- Politics, Book V 2023
- Politics, Book VI 2053
- Politics, Book VII 2065
- Politics, Book VIII 2091
- The Athenian Constitution 2102
- Part 7; Aesthetic Writings 2156