Page - 239 - in Loss and Damage from Climate Change - Concepts, Methods and Policy Options

10 DisplacementandResettlement:Understanding… 239 Fig.10.1 IOMmigration-relatedterminologybymotivationanddestination. SourceIOM(2017c) Fig.10.2 UNmigration-related terminologybymotivation anddestination. SourcesUN(1951), UN(1990),UN(1998) residing outside the country ofwhich he/she is a national, not including those cat- egorised as refugees or asylum seekers (UN1990). By theUNdefinition,migrant would occupyonly the bottom-left quadrant, shown inFig. 10.2. ThisUNdistinc- tion isuseful todifferentiate the fourcategories into four separate, non-overlapping labels—internalmigrant, internally displaced person,migrant, and refugee/asylum seeker—to be determined by twoquestions:Was themovement domestic or inter- national?andwas themovementvoluntaryor forced? At itsmost simple,moving frommigration broadly to environmentalmigration specificallyentailsmaintainingthesamecategories,but restrictingtocases inwhich themotivating factor for movement was environmentally-related, including those caused by climate change. The IOMdoes just this,maintaining the encompassing definition formigration,defininganenvironmentalmigrant asapersonwho