Page - 105 - in The Origin of Species

ACTION OF NATURAL SELECTION 105 that this result would follow from the preservation during many generations of a large number of individuals with more or less strongly curved beaks, and from the destruction of a still larger number with the straightest beaks. It should not, however, be overlooked that certain rather strongly marked variations, which no one would rank as mere individual differences, frequently recur owing to a similar organisation being similarly acted on—of which fact numer- ous instances could be given with our domestic productions. In such cases, if the varying individual did not actually trans- mit to its offspring its newly-acquired character, it would un- doubtedly transmit to them, as long as the existing conditions remained the same, a still stronger tendency to vary in the same manner. There can also be little doubt that the ten- dency to vary in the same manner has often been so strong that all the individuals of the same species have been simi- larly modified without the aid of any form of selection. Or only a third, fifth, or tenth part of the individuals may have been thus affected, of which fact several instances could be given. Thus Graba estimates that about one-fifth of the guillemots in the Faroe Islands consist of a variety so well marked, that it was formerly ranked as a distinct species under the name of Uria lacrymans. In cases of this kind, if the variation were of a beneficial nature, the original form would soon be supplanted by the modified form, through the survival of the fittest. To the effects of intercrossing in eliminating variations of all kinds, I shall have to recur ; but it may be here remarked that most animals and plants keep to their proper homes, and do not needlessly wander about ; we see this even with migratory birds, which almost always return to the same spot. Conse- quently each newly-formed variety would generally be at first local, as seems to be the common rule with varieties in a state of nature; so that similarly modified individuals would soon exist in a small body together, and would often breed together. If the new variety were successful in its battle for life, it would slowly spread from a central district, competing with and conquering the unchanged individuals on the mar- gins of an ever-increasing circle. It may be worth while to give another and more complex