Page - 334 - in Universities in Imperial Austria, 1848–1918 - A Social History of a Multilingual Space

334 ♦  Universities in Imperial Austria, 1848–1918 147. See the acceptance of Franz Torggler in Innsbruck in 1890 in AT-OeStA/AVA Unterricht UM allg. Akten 1058, PA Torggler. 148. See the commission statement on the occasion of the search for a professor of Sanskrit in L’viv, DALO, F. 26, Op. 7, Spr. 269, p. 18, 3 March 1884. 149. My own calculations are based on the data in the databases for all universities, 1848–1918; only full years are counted. For references, Appendix 2. 150. To my knowledge, the issue of pre-habilitation scholars has been not researched in detail, although the Czech and Polish bibliographical works on the respective faculties, as well as (most) overviews of developments in specific disciplines in the Graz and Innsbruck faculties, include information on assistants, considering this as the first academic position. 151. “Studien-Hofcomissions-Decret vom 20. September 1811, Z. 1641,” reprinted in Friedrich Schweickhardt, ed., Sammlung der für die österreichischen Universitäten giltigen Gesetze und Verordnungen, 2nd ed. (Vienna: k.k. Schulbuchverlag in Comission bei Manz’schen k.k. Hofverlags- und Universitäts- Buchhandlung, 1885), 163–64 (point no. 5 and Schweickhardt’s commentary). 152. “Studienhofkommissionsdekret vom 12. April 1833, Z. 984, PGS Bd. 61, Nr. 57. S. 104, an sämtliche Länderstellen, betreffend die Verleihung von Lehramtsadjunkten- oder Assistentenstellen nur an ledige Individuen,” reprinted in Mannagetta and Kelle, Die österreichischen Universitätsgesetze, 208 (no. 225). Longtime assistants were exempted from this rule. 153. See the analysis of scholars (predominantly historians) in Galicia in Stefan Ciara, “Finanzielle Probleme galizischer Wissenschaftler um die Wende des 19. zum 20. Jahrhundert,” Mitteilungen des Österreichischen Staatsarchivs 53 (2009): 313–33. 154. Although no thorough analysis has been carried out here, the mere fact that fewer and fewer scholars were coming from the nobility, while most scholars in the second half of the nineteenth century were the sons of state officials of lower rank and, in only a few cases, from the countryside, points in this direction. 155. See, e.g., Hohes Abgeordnetenhaus: Petition der Privatdozenten­ Vertreter der österreichischen Hochschulen in Angelegenheit von Standesfragen (Vienna: Fischer, 1910). 156. In Vienna in 1910, 40 percent of Privatdozenten did not have a professional occu- pation listed in the staff catalogs (mostly in practical specialties), 20 percent were chiefs of clinics, 15 percent were assistants, and slightly fewer were chief physi- cians. See Übersicht der akademischen Behörden, Professoren, Privatdocenten, Lehrer, Beamten etc. an der k.k. Universität zu Wien für das Studien­ Jahr 1910/11 (Vienna: Adolf Holzhausen, 1910), 15–25. 157. See, on the appointment of the chair of Polish history, where the University of L’viv decided to promote young local historians, DALO, F. 26, Op. 7, Spr. 327, B. 52, 24 July 1891. 158. For the chair of medical chemistry at the University of Graz, the ministry pre- ferred Karl Hofmann, a Privatdozent in Vienna, over the more highly esteemed Ernst Salkowski, an assistant to Rudolf Virchow in Berlin, arguing that the