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138 Manfried Rauchensteiner, Die Entwicklung der Kriegstheorie von 1814 bis 1914, in : International
Commission of Military History, XVII Congreso internacional de ciencias historicas, Madrid 1990,
Actas I (Madrid, 1992), 83.
139 Ibid.
140 This charge is also made by Pantenius, Der Angriffsgedanke, Vol. I, 465 et seq.
141 Lothar Höbelt, Schlieffen, Beck, Potiorek und das Ende der gemeinsamen deutsch-österreichisch-un-
garischen Aufmarschpläne im Osten, in : Militärgeschichtliche Mitteilungen 2 (1984), 21 et seqq.
142 Ibid., 3–30. The work by Oskar Wolf Schneider von Arno, Geschichte des österreichisch-ungarischen
Generalstabes (Kriegsarchiv, Vienna, Nachlass B/1976), which was repeatedly intended for publication
but remained unpublished, is worth citing here, esp. no. 9.
143 Conrad, Dienstzeit, esp. Vol. 4, also Pantenius, Der Angriffsgedanke. The larger operational view in
Manfried Rauchensteiner, Zum operativen Denken in Österreich 1814–1914, Part 6 : Der Vor-Welt-
kriegszyklus, in : Österreichische Militärische Zeitschrift, no. 1 (1975), 46–53.
144 Pantenius, Der Angriffsgedanke, Vol. I, 470.
145 Ibid.
146 August von Cramon, Unser österreichisch-ungarischer Bundesgenosse im Weltkrieg (Berlin, 1920), 43.
147 Michael Salewski, Moltke, Schlieffen und die Eisenbahn, in : XVII Congreso internacional, loc. cit., I,
33–48.
148 See esp. Gerhard Ritter, Staatskunst und Kriegshandwerk. Das Problem des ‘Militarismus’ in
Deutschland, Vol. 2 (Munich, 1960), esp. 245–266.
149 Rauchensteiner, Zum operativen Denken, loc. cit., 46–59.
150 Conrad’s self-assessment can best be traced in his (uncompleted) autobiographical work ‘Aus meiner
Dienstzeit’, and particularly in his private notations, edited by Kurt Peball (Vienna/Munich, 1977). For a
portrayal of Conrad, see, among others, Oskar Regele, Feldmarschall Conrad, though this work is much
too defined by its aim of maintaining Conrad’s prestige. See also the most recent and most critical biog-
raphy : Lawrence Sondhaus, Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf : Architect of the Apocalypse (Leiden, 2000).
151 Hans Meier-Welcker, Strategische Planungen und Vereinbarungen der Mittelmächte für den Mehr-
frontenkrieg, in : Österreichische Militärische Zeitschrift, special issue 11 (1964), 15–22.
152 On the ambivalence of the comments : Meier-Welcker, Strategische Planungen, 19.
153 Gerhard Ritter, Die Generalstäbe und der Kriegsausbruch. Präventivkriegsideen im Österreichischen
Generalstab, in : Erster Weltkrieg. Ursachen, 283–308.
154 On the three first-named states : Jack Snyder, The Ideology of the Offensive : Military Decision Making
and the Disasters of 1914 (Ithaca/London, 1984). On the Conrad School see Rauchensteiner, Entwick-
lung der Kriegstheorie, 82–85.
155 One of the main theses of Fischer’s ‘Griff nach der Weltmacht’ and his ‘Krieg der Illusionen’.
156 Williamson, Vienna and July 1914, 19.
157 Fellner, Dreibund, 63–73.
158 This argument, which was first presented by Fritz Fischer and developed by him and by Imanuel Geiss,
was subsequently contradicted above all by Egmont Zechlin, Karl Dietrich Erdmann and Gerhard
Ritter. The arguments are summarised in : Erster Weltkrieg. Ursachen, esp. 29–104 and 149–164.
159 The collection of arguments and their comparison can be best followed using the anthology Erster
Weltkrieg. Ursachen, 29–198.
160 Ibid.
161 Fischer, Krieg der Illusionen, 46 et seq.
162 Egmont Zechlin, Probleme des Kriegskalküls und der Kriegsbeendigung im Ersten Weltkrieg, in : Er-
ster Weltkrieg, here 168.
THE FIRST WORLD WAR
and the End of the Habsburg Monarchy, 1914 – 1918
- Titel
- THE FIRST WORLD WAR
- Untertitel
- and the End of the Habsburg Monarchy, 1914 – 1918
- Autor
- Manfried Rauchensteiner
- Verlag
- Böhlau Verlag
- Ort
- Wien
- Datum
- 2014
- Sprache
- englisch
- Lizenz
- CC BY-NC-ND 4.0
- ISBN
- 978-3-205-79588-9
- Abmessungen
- 17.0 x 24.0 cm
- Seiten
- 1192
- Kategorien
- Geschichte Vor 1918
Inhaltsverzeichnis
- 1 On the Eve 11
- 2 Two Million Men for the War 49
- 3 Bloody Sundays 81
- 4 Unleashing the War 117
- 5 ‘Thank God, this is the Great War!’ 157
- 6 Adjusting to a Longer War 197
- 7 The End of the Euphoria 239
- 8 The First Winter of the War 283
- 9 Under Surveillance 317
- 10 ‘The King of Italy has declared war on Me’ 355
- 11 The Third Front 383
- 12 Factory War and Domestic Front, 1915 413
- 13 Summer Battle and ‘Autumn Swine’ 441
- 14 War Aims and Central Europe 469
- 15 South Tyrol : The End of an Illusion (I) 497
- 16 Lutsk :The End of an Illusion (II) 521
- 17 How is a War Financed ? 555
- 18 The Nameless 583
- 19 The Death of the Old Emperor 607
- 20 Emperor Karl 641
- 21 The Writing on the Wall 657
- 22 The Consequences of the Russian February Revolution 691
- 23 Summer 1917 713
- 24 Kerensky Offensive and Peace Efforts 743
- 25 The Pyrrhic Victory : The Breakthrough Battle of Flitsch-Tolmein 769
- 26 Camps 803
- 27 Peace Feelers in the Shadow of Brest-Litovsk 845
- 28 The Inner Front 869
- 29 The June Battle in Veneto 895
- 30 An Empire Resigns 927
- 31 The Twilight Empire 955
- 32 The War becomes History 983
- Epilogue 1011
- Afterword 1013
- Acknowledgements and Dedication 1019
- Notes 1023
- Selected Printed Sources and Literature 1115
- Index of People and Places 1155