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THE FIRST WORLD WAR - and the End of the Habsburg Monarchy, 1914 – 1918
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Two Million Men for the War 1031 138 Manfried Rauchensteiner, Die Entwicklung der Kriegstheorie von 1814 bis 1914, in : International Commission of Military History, XVII Congreso internacional de ciencias historicas, Madrid 1990, Actas I (Madrid, 1992), 83. 139 Ibid. 140 This charge is also made by Pantenius, Der Angriffsgedanke, Vol. I, 465 et seq. 141 Lothar Höbelt, Schlieffen, Beck, Potiorek und das Ende der gemeinsamen deutsch-österreichisch-un- garischen Aufmarschpläne im Osten, in : Militärgeschichtliche Mitteilungen 2 (1984), 21 et seqq. 142 Ibid., 3–30. The work by Oskar Wolf Schneider von Arno, Geschichte des österreichisch-ungarischen Generalstabes (Kriegsarchiv, Vienna, Nachlass B/1976), which was repeatedly intended for publication but remained unpublished, is worth citing here, esp. no. 9. 143 Conrad, Dienstzeit, esp. Vol. 4, also Pantenius, Der Angriffsgedanke. The larger operational view in Manfried Rauchensteiner, Zum operativen Denken in Österreich 1814–1914, Part 6 : Der Vor-Welt- kriegszyklus, in : Österreichische Militärische Zeitschrift, no. 1 (1975), 46–53. 144 Pantenius, Der Angriffsgedanke, Vol. I, 470. 145 Ibid. 146 August von Cramon, Unser österreichisch-ungarischer Bundesgenosse im Weltkrieg (Berlin, 1920), 43. 147 Michael Salewski, Moltke, Schlieffen und die Eisenbahn, in : XVII Congreso internacional, loc. cit., I, 33–48. 148 See esp. Gerhard Ritter, Staatskunst und Kriegshandwerk. Das Problem des ‘Militarismus’ in Deutschland, Vol. 2 (Munich, 1960), esp. 245–266. 149 Rauchensteiner, Zum operativen Denken, loc. cit., 46–59. 150 Conrad’s self-assessment can best be traced in his (uncompleted) autobiographical work ‘Aus meiner Dienstzeit’, and particularly in his private notations, edited by Kurt Peball (Vienna/Munich, 1977). For a portrayal of Conrad, see, among others, Oskar Regele, Feldmarschall Conrad, though this work is much too defined by its aim of maintaining Conrad’s prestige. See also the most recent and most critical biog- raphy : Lawrence Sondhaus, Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf : Architect of the Apocalypse (Leiden, 2000). 151 Hans Meier-Welcker, Strategische Planungen und Vereinbarungen der Mittelmächte für den Mehr- frontenkrieg, in : Österreichische Militärische Zeitschrift, special issue 11 (1964), 15–22. 152 On the ambivalence of the comments : Meier-Welcker, Strategische Planungen, 19. 153 Gerhard Ritter, Die Generalstäbe und der Kriegsausbruch. Präventivkriegsideen im Österreichischen Generalstab, in : Erster Weltkrieg. Ursachen, 283–308. 154 On the three first-named states : Jack Snyder, The Ideology of the Offensive : Military Decision Making and the Disasters of 1914 (Ithaca/London, 1984). On the Conrad School see Rauchensteiner, Entwick- lung der Kriegstheorie, 82–85. 155 One of the main theses of Fischer’s ‘Griff nach der Weltmacht’ and his ‘Krieg der Illusionen’. 156 Williamson, Vienna and July 1914, 19. 157 Fellner, Dreibund, 63–73. 158 This argument, which was first presented by Fritz Fischer and developed by him and by Imanuel Geiss, was subsequently contradicted above all by Egmont Zechlin, Karl Dietrich Erdmann and Gerhard Ritter. The arguments are summarised in : Erster Weltkrieg. Ursachen, esp. 29–104 and 149–164. 159 The collection of arguments and their comparison can be best followed using the anthology Erster Weltkrieg. Ursachen, 29–198. 160 Ibid. 161 Fischer, Krieg der Illusionen, 46 et seq. 162 Egmont Zechlin, Probleme des Kriegskalküls und der Kriegsbeendigung im Ersten Weltkrieg, in : Er- ster Weltkrieg, here 168.
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THE FIRST WORLD WAR and the End of the Habsburg Monarchy, 1914 – 1918
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Title
THE FIRST WORLD WAR
Subtitle
and the End of the Habsburg Monarchy, 1914 – 1918
Author
Manfried Rauchensteiner
Publisher
Böhlau Verlag
Location
Wien
Date
2014
Language
English
License
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0
ISBN
978-3-205-79588-9
Size
17.0 x 24.0 cm
Pages
1192
Categories
Geschichte Vor 1918

Table of contents

  1. 1 On the Eve 11
  2. 2 Two Million Men for the War 49
  3. 3 Bloody Sundays 81
  4. 4 Unleashing the War 117
  5. 5 ‘Thank God, this is the Great War!’ 157
  6. 6 Adjusting to a Longer War 197
  7. 7 The End of the Euphoria 239
  8. 8 The First Winter of the War 283
  9. 9 Under Surveillance 317
  10. 10 ‘The King of Italy has declared war on Me’ 355
  11. 11 The Third Front 383
  12. 12 Factory War and Domestic Front, 1915 413
  13. 13 Summer Battle and ‘Autumn Swine’ 441
  14. 14 War Aims and Central Europe 469
  15. 15 South Tyrol : The End of an Illusion (I) 497
  16. 16 Lutsk :The End of an Illusion (II) 521
  17. 17 How is a War Financed ? 555
  18. 18 The Nameless 583
  19. 19 The Death of the Old Emperor 607
  20. 20 Emperor Karl 641
  21. 21 The Writing on the Wall 657
  22. 22 The Consequences of the Russian February Revolution 691
  23. 23 Summer 1917 713
  24. 24 Kerensky Offensive and Peace Efforts 743
  25. 25 The Pyrrhic Victory : The Breakthrough Battle of Flitsch-Tolmein 769
  26. 26 Camps 803
  27. 27 Peace Feelers in the Shadow of Brest-Litovsk 845
  28. 28 The Inner Front 869
  29. 29 The June Battle in Veneto 895
  30. 30 An Empire Resigns 927
  31. 31 The Twilight Empire 955
  32. 32 The War becomes History 983
  33. Epilogue 1011
  34. Afterword 1013
  35. Acknowledgements and Dedication 1019
  36. Notes 1023
  37. Selected Printed Sources and Literature 1115
  38. Index of People and Places 1155
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