Page - 1023 - in THE FIRST WORLD WAR - and the End of the Habsburg Monarchy, 1914 – 1918

Notes 1. On the Eve 1 An excellent overview of the current status of international research and the results of country-specific research is given by Gerd Krumeich and Gerhard Hirschfeld, Die Geschichtsschreibung zum Ersten Weltkrieg, in : Enzyklopädie Erster Weltkrieg, edited by Gerhard Hirschfeld, Gerd Krumeich and Irina Renz (Paderborn/Munich/Vienna/Zürich, 2009), 304–315 and in other chapters of the exposition and in the lexicon section of the encyclopaedia. Detailed information on current research and literature ref- erences of particular importance are included in the volume by Wolfdieter Bihl (ed.), Deutsche Quellen zur Geschichte des Ersten Weltkrieges (=  Ausgewählte Quellen zur deutschen Geschichte der Neuzeit  – Freiherr-vom-Stein Gedächtnisausgabe XXIX, Darmstadt, 1991). By the same author : Der Erste Welt- krieg 1914–1918. Chronik, Daten, Fakten (Vienna/Cologne/Graz, 2010) ; bibliography 314–321. Also : Wolfgang J. Mommsen, Die Urkatastrophe Deutschlands. Der Erste Weltkrieg 1914–1918 (=  Bruno Gebhardt, Handbuch der deutschen Geschichte, Vol. 17, Stuttgart, 2002). An exposé of the aspect ac- cording to which Russia bore a highly substantial share of the guilt for the unleashing of the war, aside from the German publications during the inter-war years focussing on who was to blame for the war, is given in the recently published volume by British historian Sean McMeekin, The Russian Origins of the First World War (London, 2011). A summary of the most important opinions following the controversy surrounding the causes of the outbreak of war in 1914 that was triggered by Fritz Fischer is given in the anthology : Erster Weltkrieg. Ursachen, Entstehung und Kriegsziele, edited by Wolfgang Schieder (=  Neue Wissenschaftliche Bibliothek, Vol. 32, Cologne/Berlin, 1969). The Austro-Hungarian aspect, which is hardly considered at all in most British, French and also German publications, dominates in older works by Austrian authors, in particular : Mathilde Uhlirz, Handbuch der Geschichte Österreichs und seiner Nachbarländer Böhmen und Ungarn, Vol. 3 (Weltkrieg 1914−1918, Graz/Leipzig/Vienna, 1940). Also : Hans Uebersberger, Österreich zwischen Russland und Serbien. Zur südslawischen Frage und der Entstehung des Ersten Weltkrieges (Cologne/Graz, 1958) ; Roderich Gooß, Das Wiener Ka- binett und die Entstehung des Weltkrieges. Mit Ermächtigung des Leiters des Deutschösterreichischen Staatsamtes für Äußeres auf Grund aktenmäßiger Forschung dargestellt (Vienna, 1919). Comprehen- sive bibliographic references from the more recent and very recent past on the history of Austria-Hun- gary in the decades before the war, as well as the First World War itself, are provided in the volumes, to be acknowledged in detail later, published by the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Die Habsburger- monarchie 1848 bis 1918, also in Ernst Hanisch, Der lange Schatten des Staates. Österreichische Ge- sellschaftsgeschichte im 20. Jahrhundert (Vienna, 1994) and of course in most of the works listed below. 2 ‘The grand seminal catastrophe of this century’. 3 Also : Hew Strachan, Towards a comparative history of World War I, in : Militärgeschichtliche Zeitschrift Vol. 67, No. 2 (2008), 339–344.