Seite - 9 - in Universities in Imperial Austria, 1848–1918 - A Social History of a Multilingual Space
Bild der Seite - 9 -
Text der Seite - 9 -
Introduction ♦ 9
between Cis- and Transleithania but also within these semi-autonomous
entities. National languages increased in importance, and German, the de
jure nonnational language of the empire that was endowed with imperial and
national allure, witnessed a decrease in practicality in the face of opposition
by nationalists.36 Academia was directly included in this process, influenc-
ing it and being influenced by it. Moreover, the spatial projects of different
nationalist activists overlapped to create hierarchies, particularly in Galicia,
where Poles controlled the provincial Diet, creating micro-imperialisms.37
The growing influence of nationalist discourses meant that projects to
consolidate imperial space could no longer be induced by the center.38 The
empire’s policy-driven structure led to conflicts, for example, the Badeni
Crisis of 1897. The introduction of compulsory bilingualism in Bohemian
government offices led to serious opposition from German-speaking politi-
cians and nationalist activists, who saw this measure as undermining their
privileged position, not as promoting equality or improving communication
for Czechs.39
At the same time, the national space was increasingly represented as
different from the imperial space, having its own boundaries as well as a
distinct history and culture. The eminent Prague historian František Palacký
created, for example, an ethnicity-based history of Bohemia, in which
Czechs and Germans constituted historically disparate factors, divided by
language, religion, and folklore.40 Polish-language scholarship energetically
pursued research based on the space of the Commonwealth despite polit-
ical restrictions.41 The legal distinctiveness of some Habsburg provinces
and historical non-Habsburg state traditions had already been the subject
of treatises in the first half of the nineteenth century. A similar strategy
was seen in the late nineteenth century for Ruthenians/Ukrainians, whose
historical ethno-spaces were divided between the Russian Empire and the
Habsburg Empire.42 In comparison to Czech nationalists, who imagined
autonomy within the Habsburg Empire, both Polish and Ruthenian national-
ists’ imagination went beyond Galicia’s boundaries; in particular, the Polish
nationalists early on envisaged the reunification of the Polish-Lithuanian
Commonwealth. Recall, however, that the Commonwealth generally did not
mean an independent national state but rather an autonomous entity within
the Habsburg Empire, as Austro-Slavism and loyalty to the emperor were
popular in Galicia, in large part because of the threat of Russian imperial-
ism, which was often referred to and was commonly codified in writing and
popular culture.
zurück zum
Buch Universities in Imperial Austria, 1848–1918 - A Social History of a Multilingual Space"
Universities in Imperial Austria, 1848–1918
A Social History of a Multilingual Space
- Titel
- Universities in Imperial Austria, 1848–1918
- Untertitel
- A Social History of a Multilingual Space
- Autor
- Jan Surman
- Verlag
- Purdue University Press
- Ort
- West Lafayette
- Datum
- 2019
- Sprache
- englisch
- Lizenz
- PD
- ISBN
- 978-1-55753-861-1
- Abmessungen
- 16.5 x 25.0 cm
- Seiten
- 474
- Schlagwörter
- History, Austria, Eduction System, Learning
- Kategorien
- Geschichte Vor 1918
Inhaltsverzeichnis
- List of Illustrations vi
- List of Tables vii
- Acknowledgments ix
- Note on Language Use, Terminology, and Geography xi
- Abbreviations xiii
- Introduction A Biography of the Academic Space 1
- Chapter 1 Centralizing Science for the Empire 19
- Chapter 2 The Neoabsolutist Search for a Unified Space 49
- Chapterr 3 Living Out Academic Autonomy 89
- Chapter 4 German-Language Universities between Austrian and German Space 139
- Chapter 5 Habsburg Slavs and Their Spaces 175
- Chapter 6 Imperial Space and Its Identities 217
- Chapter 7 Habsburg Legacies 243
- Conclusion Paradoxes of the Central European Academic Space 267
- Appendix 1 Disciplines of Habilitation at Austrian Universities 281
- Appendix 2 Databases of Scholars at Cisleithanian Universities 285
- Notes 287
- Bibliography 383
- Index 445