Halsgerichtsordnung#

Halsgerichtsordnung (Landgerichtsordnung), name for the system of judicature from the 15th to the 17th  century regulating criminal law and criminal procedure. The first Halsgerichtsordnung was the so-called "Malefizordnung" of Maximilian I for the Tirol 1499, followed by the Landgerichtsordnung for Lower Austria of 1514. Further Halsgerichtsordnungen were based on the Constitutio Criminalis Carolina (C. C. C.) of Karl V decreed 1532 by the Imperial Diet of Regensburg, applied in Austria until 1769. Halsgerichtsordnungen were issued for Lower Austria 1540, for Upper Austria 1559, for Styria 1574 and for Carinthia 1577. In the 17th  century the Landgerichtsordnung for Lower Austria (Leopoldina) decreed in 1656 was the most important one. This Halsgerichtsordnung included severe punishments such as quartering, breaking on the wheel, drowning, burying alive and burning to death. They were replaced with the Constitutio Criminalis Theresiana.