Markgrafschaft#
Margraviate, border provinces whose feudal lord (margrave) was granted various powers, especially military powers, and was owed allegiance and tribute by his vassals. A great number of margraviates were created during the reigns of various dynasties in Austria, e.g. the Avar March on the River Danube and a march in Carantania in the 9th century, the Ostarrichi March in the High Middle Ages, the Hungarian March (1040-1060), the Bohemian March around 1055, the March of Pitten in the duchy of Carinthia, the Upper Carantanian March (Styria) or March on the River Mur, the Lower Carantanian March (March of Pettau), the March near the Drau Woods, the March on the River Sann, the March of Carniola, the March of Istria and the March of Friuli.
Literature#
K. Bosl, Die Markengruendungen Kaiser Heinrichs III. auf bayerisch-oesterreichischen Boden, Zeitschrift fuer bayerische Landesgeschichte 14, 1944; K. Brunner, Herzogtuemer und Marken, 907-1156, in: Geschichte Oesterreichs, ed. by H. Wolfram, vol. 2, 1994.