| Name | Category | Year | Motivation |
|---|
| Maurice Allais | Economics | 1988 | "for his pioneering contributions to the theory of markets and efficient utilization of resources" |
| Alain Aspect | Physics | 2022 | "for experiments with entangled photons, establishing the violation of Bell inequalities and pioneering quantum information science" |
| Françoise Barré-Sinoussi | Medicine | 2008 | "for their discovery of human immunodeficiency virus" |
| Antoine Henri Becquerel | Physics | 1903 | "in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his discovery of spontaneous radioactivity" |
| Henri Bergson | Literature | 1927 | "in recognition of his rich and vitalizing ideas and the brilliant skill with which they have been presented" |
| Hans Albrecht Bethe | Physics | 1967 | "for his contributions to the theory of nuclear reactions, especially his discoveries concerning the energy production in stars" |
| Léon Victor Auguste Bourgeois | Peace | 1920 | |
| Aristide Briand | Peace | 1926 | |
| Ferdinand Buisson | Peace | 1927 | |
| Alexis Carrel | Medicine | 1912 | "in recognition of his work on vascular suture and the transplantation of blood vessels and organs" |
| René Cassin | Peace | 1968 | |
| Emmanuelle Charpentier | Chemistry | 2020 | "for the development of a method for genome editing" |
| Yves Chauvin | Chemistry | 2005 | "for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis" |
| Claude Cohen-Tannoudji | Physics | 1997 | "for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light" |
| André Frédéric Cournand | Medicine | 1956 | "for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system" |
| Pierre Curie | Physics | 1903 | "in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel" |
| Marie Curie, née Sklodowska | Chemistry | 1911 | "in recognition of her services to the advancement of chemistry by the discovery of the elements radium and polonium, by the isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element" |
| Paul Henri Benjamin Balluet d'Estournelles de Constant, Baron de Constant de Rebecque | Peace | 1909 | |
| Jean Dausset | Medicine | 1980 | "for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions" |
| Esther Duflo | Economics | 2019 | poverty reduction |
| Prince Louis-Victor Pierre Raymond de Broglie | Physics | 1929 | "for his discovery of the wave nature of electrons" |
| Annie Ernaux | Literature | 2022 | "for the courage and clinical acuity with which she uncovers the roots, estrangements and collective restraints of personal memory" |
| Pierre-Gilles de Gennes | Physics | 1991 | "for discovering that methods developed for studying order phenomena in simple systems can be generalized to more complex forms of matter, in particular to liquid crystals and polymers" |
| Gerard Debreu | Economics | 1983 | "for having incorporated new analytical methods into economic theory and for his rigorous reformulation of the theory of general equilibrium" |
| Albert Fert | Physics | 2007 | "for the discovery of Giant Magnetoresistance" |
| Anatole France | Literature | 1921 | "in recognition of his brilliant literary achievements, characterized as they are by a nobility of style, a profound human sympathy, grace, and a true Gallic temperament" |
| André Paul Guillaume Gide | Literature | 1947 | "for his comprehensive and artistically significant writings, in which human problems and conditions have been presented with a fearless love of truth and keen psychological insight" |
| Victor Grignard | Chemistry | 1912 | "for the discovery of the so-called Grignard reagent, which in recent years has greatly advanced the progress of organic chemistry" |
| Charles Edouard Guillaume | Physics | 1920 | "in recognition of the service he has rendered to precision measurements in Physics by his discovery of anomalies in nickel steel alloys" |
| Roger Guillemin | Medicine | 1977 | "for their discoveries concerning the peptide hormone production of the brain" |
| Jules A. Hoffmann | Medicine | 2011 | "for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity" |
| François Jacob | Medicine | 1965 | "for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis" |
| Frédéric Joliot | Chemistry | 1935 | "in recognition of their synthesis of new radioactive elements" |
| Irène Joliot-Curie | Chemistry | 1935 | "in recognition of their synthesis of new radioactive elements" |
| Léon Jouhaux | Peace | 1951 | |
| Alfred Kastler | Physics | 1966 | "for the discovery and development of optical methods for studying Hertzian resonances in atoms" |
| Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran | Medicine | 1907 | "in recognition of his work on the role played by protozoa in causing diseases" |
| Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio | Literature | 2008 | "author of new departures, poetic adventure and sensual ecstasy, explorer of a humanity beyond and below the reigning civilization" |
| Jean-Marie Lehn | Chemistry | 1987 | "for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity" |
| Luis F. Leloir | Chemistry | 1970 | "for his discovery of sugar nucleotides and their role in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates" |
| Gabriel Lippmann | Physics | 1908 | "for his method of reproducing colours photographically based on the phenomenon of interference" |
| André Lwoff | Medicine | 1965 | "for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis" |
| Seán MacBride | Peace | 1974 | |
| Roger Martin du Gard | Literature | 1937 | "for the artistic power and truth with which he has depicted human conflict as well as some fundamental aspects of contemporary life in his novel-cycle Les Thibault" |
| François Mauriac | Literature | 1952 | "for the deep spiritual insight and the artistic intensity with which he has in his novels penetrated the drama of human life" |
| Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov | Medicine | 1908 | "in recognition of their work on immunity" |
| Frédéric Mistral | Literature | 1904 | "in recognition of the fresh originality and true inspiration of his poetic production, which faithfully reflects the natural scenery and native spirit of his people, and, in addition, his significant work as a Provençal philologist" |
| Patrick Modiano | Literature | 2014 | "for the art of memory with which he has evoked the most ungraspable human destinies and uncovered the life-world of the occupation" |
| Henri Moissan | Chemistry | 1906 | "in recognition of the great services rendered by him in his investigation and isolation of the element fluorine, and for the adoption in the service of science of the electric furnace called after him" |
| Jacques Monod | Medicine | 1965 | "for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis" |
| Luc Montagnier | Medicine | 2008 | "for their discovery of human immunodeficiency virus" |
| Gérard Mourou | Physics | 2018 | Method for generating high-intensity, ultra-short optical pulses |
| Louis Eugène Félix Néel | Physics | 1970 | "for fundamental work and discoveries concerning antiferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism which have led to important applications in solid state physics" |
| Charles Jules Henri Nicolle | Medicine | 1928 | "for his work on typhus" |
| Frédéric Passy | Peace | 1901 | |
| Jean Baptiste Perrin | Physics | 1926 | "for his work on the discontinuous structure of matter, and especially for his discovery of sedimentation equilibrium" |
| Sully Prudhomme | Literature | 1901 | "in special recognition of his poetic composition, which gives evidence of lofty idealism, artistic perfection and a rare combination of the qualities of both heart and intellect" |
| Louis Renault | Peace | 1907 | |
| Charles Robert Richet | Medicine | 1913 | "in recognition of his work on anaphylaxis" |
| Romain Rolland | Literature | 1915 | "as a tribute to the lofty idealism of his literary production and to the sympathy and love of truth with which he has described different types of human beings" |
| Paul Sabatier | Chemistry | 1912 | "for his method of hydrogenating organic compounds in the presence of finely disintegrated metals whereby the progress of organic chemistry has been greatly advanced in recent years" |
| Jean-Paul Sartre | Literature | 1964 | "for his work which, rich in ideas and filled with the spirit of freedom and the quest for truth, has exerted a far-reaching influence on our age" |
| Jean-Pierre Sauvage | Chemistry | 2016 | "for the design and synthesis of molecular machines" |
| Albert Schweitzer | Peace | 1952 | |
| Jean Tirole | Economics | 2014 | "for his analysis of market power and regulation" |
| Alfred Werner | Chemistry | 1913 | "in recognition of his work on the linkage of atoms in molecules by which he has thrown new light on earlier investigations and opened up new fields of research especially in inorganic chemistry" |