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Geography#

Locationmetropolitan France: Western Europe, bordering the Bay of Biscay and English Channel, between Belgium and Spain, southeast of the UK; bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Italy and Spain French Guiana: Northern South America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Brazil and Suriname Guadeloupe: Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, southeast of Puerto Rico Martinique: Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and North Atlantic Ocean, north of Trinidad and Tobago Mayotte: Southern Indian Ocean, island in the Mozambique Channel, about half way between northern Madagascar and northern Mozambique Reunion: Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar
Geographic Coordinatesmetropolitan France: 46 00 N, 2 00 E French Guiana: 4 00 N, 53 00 W Guadeloupe: 16 15 N, 61 35 W Martinique: 14 40 N, 61 00 W Mayotte: 12 50 S, 45 10 E Reunion: 21 06 S, 55 36 E metropolitan France: 46 00 N, 2 00 E French Guiana: 4 00 N, ...
Area total: 643,801 sq km; 551,500 sq km (metropolitan France) land: 640,427 sq km; 549,970 sq km (metropolitan France) water: 3,374 sq km; 1,530 sq km (metropolitan France) note: the first numbers include the overseas regions of French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte, and Reunion [We are unable to verify those figures from Factbook, since the 5 main sources we used for checking give different figures as follows: Factbook: 643801, DBpedia: 674843, Geoname: 547030, Infoplease: 547030, Britannica: 543965 ]
Attempted ExplanationSource 5 (Britannica) gives the smallest area. This agrees exactly with the area in Brockhaus 2014: It follows the French Land register data that excludes lakes, ponds and glaciers larger than 1 km² and the estuaries of rivers. This is very much in contrast to how the figures are arrived at for Finland. Including bodies of water the French National Geographic Institute arrives at the figure in source 6 above. Those figures do include the area of the island of Corsica but do not include overseas departments and oversea territories. If one counts them in, a figure higher than 640.000 is obtained. None of the figures include the 320.000 km² of Antarctica where sovereignty has been suspended since the signing of the Antarctic Treaty in 1959. The main overseas regions (listed by their rough size in brackets) are French Guiana (83.0000), Réunion (2.500), Guadeloupe (1.600), Martinique (1.100), Mayotte (370), Saint Pierre and Miquelon (240). The overseas territories are New Caledonia (19.000) , French Southern and Antarctic Lands (7.600, the largest Kerguelen Island 7.200), French Polynesia (over 100 island with a total of 3.500), Wallis and Futuna (140). With a few very small islands (like St. Martin and St. Barth) still missing and various places having different political status it becomes clear why there are discrepancies in the figures. For completeness: Countrycode 2014 agrees with Source 1, Worldbank 2014 with Source 3.]
Coastlinetotal: 4,853 km metropolitan France: 3,427 km
Elevation Extremeshighest point: Mont Blanc 4,807 m note: in order to assess the possible effects of climate change on the ice and snow cap of Mont Blanc, its surface and peak have been extensively measured in recent years; these new peak measurements have exceeded the traditional height of 4,807 m and have varied between 4,808 m and 4,811 m; the actual rock summit is 4,792 m and is 40 m away from the ice-covered summit Mont Blanc lowest point: Rhone River delta -2 m Rhone River delta -
Terrainmetropolitan France: mostly flat plains or gently rolling hills in north and west; remainder is mountainous, especially Pyrenees in south, Alps in east French Guiana: low-lying coastal plains rising to hills and small mountains Guadeloupe: Basse-Terre is volcanic in origin with interior mountains; Grande-Terre is low limestone formation; most of the seven other islands are volcanic in origin Martinique: mountainous with indented coastline; dormant volcano Mayotte: generally undulating, with deep ravines and ancient volcanic peaks Reunion: mostly rugged and mountainous; fertile lowlands along coast
Natural Hazardsmetropolitan France: flooding; avalanches; midwinter windstorms; drought; forest fires in south near the Mediterranean overseas departments: hurricanes (cyclones); flooding; volcanic activity (Guadeloupe, Martinique, Reunion)
Natural Resourcemetropolitan France: coal, iron ore, bauxite, zinc, uranium, antimony, arsenic, potash, feldspar, fluorspar, gypsum, timber, fish French Guiana: gold deposits, petroleum, kaolin, niobium, tantalum, clay
Land Usearable land: 33.45% permanent crops: 1.86% other: 64.69% note: French Guiana - arable land 0.13%, permanent crops 0.04%, other 99.83% (90% forest, 10% other); Guadeloupe - arable land 11.70%, permanent crops 2.92%, other 85.38%; Martinique - arable land 9.09%, permanent crops 10.0%, other 80.91%; Reunion - arable land 13.94%, permanent crops 1.59%, other 84.47% (2011)
Climatemetropolitan France: generally cool winters and mild summers, but mild winters and hot summers along the Mediterranean; occasional strong, cold, dry, north-to-northwesterly wind known as mistral French Guiana: tropical; hot, humid; little seasonal temperature variation Guadeloupe and Martinique: subtropical tempered by trade winds; moderately high humidity; rainy season (June to October); vulnerable to devastating cyclones (hurricanes) every eight years on average Mayotte: tropical; marine; hot, humid, rainy season during northeastern monsoon (November to May); dry season is cooler (May to November) Reunion: tropical, but temperature moderates with elevation; cool and dry (May to November), hot and rainy (November to April)
Irrigated Landtotal: 26,420 sq km 26,950 sq km metropolitan France: 27,230 sq km (2007)
Renewable Water Resources211 cu km (2011)