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class of insects only to the majority. Of these, all which are produced by
union of animals of the same kind generate also after their kind, but all which
are not produced by animals, but from decaying matter, generate indeed, but
produce another kind, and the offspring is neither male nor female; such are
some of the insects. This is what might have been expected, for if those
animals which are not produced by parents had themselves united and
produced others, then their offspring must have been either like or unlike to
themselves. If like, then their parents ought to have come into being in the
same way; this is only a reasonable postulate to make, for it is plainly the case
with other animals. If unlike, and yet able to copulate, then there would have
come into being again from them another kind of creature and again another
from these, and this would have gone on to infinity. But Nature flies from the
infinite, for the infinite is unending or imperfect, and Nature ever seeks an
end.
But all those creatures which do not move, as the testacea and animals that
live by clinging to something else, inasmuch as their nature resembles that of
plants, have no sex any more than plants have, but as applied to them the
word is only used in virtue of a similarity and analogy. For there is a slight
distinction of this sort, since even in plants we find in the same kind some
trees which bear fruit and others which, while bearing none themselves, yet
contribute to the ripening of the fruits of those which do, as in the case of the
fig-tree and caprifig.
The same holds good also in plants, some coming into being from seed and
others, as it were, by the spontaneous action of Nature, arising either from
decomposition of the earth or of some parts in other plants, for some are not
formed by themselves separately but are produced upon other trees, as the
mistletoe. Plants, however, must be investigated separately.
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2
Of the generation of animals we must speak as various questions arise in
order in the case of each, and we must connect our account with what has
been said. For, as we said above, the male and female principles may be put
down first and foremost as origins of generation, the former as containing the
efficient cause of generation, the latter the material of it. The most conclusive
proof of this is drawn from considering how and whence comes the semen;
for there is no doubt that it is out of this that those creatures are formed which
are produced in the ordinary course of Nature; but we must observe carefully
1382
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Buch The Complete Aristotle"
The Complete Aristotle
- Titel
- The Complete Aristotle
- Autor
- Aristotle
- Datum
- ~322 B.C.
- Sprache
- englisch
- Lizenz
- PD
- Abmessungen
- 21.0 x 29.7 cm
- Seiten
- 2328
- Schlagwörter
- Philosophy, Antique, Philosophie, Antike, Dialogues, Metaphysik, Metaphysics, Ideologie, Ideology, Englisch
- Kategorien
- Geisteswissenschaften
- International
Inhaltsverzeichnis
- Part 1; Logic (Organon) 3
- Categories 4
- On Interpretation 34
- Prior Analytics, Book I 56
- Prior Analytics, Book II 113
- Posterior Analytics, Book I 149
- Posterior Analytics, Book II 193
- Topics, Book I 218
- Topics, Book II 221
- Topics, Book III 237
- Topics, Book IV 248
- Topics, Book V 266
- Topics, Book VI 291
- Topics, Book VII 317
- Topics, Book VIII 326
- On Sophistical Refutations 348
- Part 2; Universal Physics 396
- Physics, Book I 397
- Physics, Book II 415
- Physics, Book III 432
- Physics, Book IV 449
- Physics, Book V 481
- Physics, Book VI 496
- Physics, Book VII 519
- Physics, Book VIII 533
- On the Heavens, Book I 570
- On the Heavens, Book II 599
- On the Heavens, Book III 624
- On the Heavens, Book IV 640
- On Generation and Corruption, Book I 651
- On Generation and Corruption, Book II 685
- Meteorology, Book I 707
- Meteorology, Book II 733
- Meteorology, Book III 760
- Meteorology, Book IV 773
- Part 3; Human Physics 795
- On the Soul, Book I 796
- On the Soul, Book II 815
- On the Soul, Book III 840
- On Sense and the Sensible 861
- On Memory and Reminiscence 889
- On Sleep and Sleeplessness 899
- On Dreams 909
- On Prophesying by Dreams 918
- On Longevity and the Shortness of Life 923
- On Youth, Old Age, Life and Death, and Respiration 929
- Part 4; Animal Physics 952
- The History of Animals, Book I 953
- The History of Animals, Book II translated 977
- The History of Animals, Book III 1000
- The History of Animals, Book IV 1029
- The History of Animals, Book V 1056
- The History of Animals, Book VI 1094
- The History of Animals, Book VII 1135
- The History of Animals, Book VIII 1150
- The History of Animals, Book IX 1186
- On the Parts of Animals, Book I 1234
- On the Parts of Animals, Book II 1249
- On the Parts of Animals, Book III 1281
- On the Parts of Animals, Book IV 1311
- On the Motion of Animals 1351
- On the Gait of Animals 1363
- On the Generation of Animals, Book I 1381
- On the Generation of Animals, Book II 1412
- On the Generation of Animals, Book III 1444
- On the Generation of Animals, Book IV 1469
- On the Generation of Animals, Book V 1496
- Part 5; Metaphysics 1516
- Part 6; Ethics and Politics 1748
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book I 1749
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book II 1766
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book III 1779
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book IV 1799
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book V 1817
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VI 1836
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VII 1851
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VIII 1872
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book IX 1890
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book X 1907
- Politics, Book I 1925
- Politics, Book II 1943
- Politics, Book III 1970
- Politics, Book IV 1997
- Politics, Book V 2023
- Politics, Book VI 2053
- Politics, Book VII 2065
- Politics, Book VIII 2091
- The Athenian Constitution 2102
- Part 7; Aesthetic Writings 2156