Page - 317 - in The Complete Aristotle
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Text of the Page - 317 -
Topics, Book VII
Translated by W. A. Pickard-Cambridge
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div id=ābook7ā class=ābookā title=āBook VIIā>
1
Whether two things are āthe sameā or ādifferentā, in the most literal of the
meanings ascribed to āsamenessā (and we saidā that āthe sameā applies in the
most literal sense to what is numerically one), may be examined in the light of
their inflexions and coordinates and opposites. For if justice be the same as
courage, then too the just man is the same as the brave man, and ājustlyā is the
same as ābravelyā. Likewise, too, in the case of their opposites: for if two
things be the same, their opposites also will be the same, in any of the
recognized forms of opposition. For it is the same thing to take the opposite of
the one or that of the other, seeing that they are the same. Again it may be
examined in the light of those things which tend to produce or to destroy the
things in question of their formation and destruction, and in general of any
thing that is related in like manner to each. For where things are absolutely
the same, their formations and destructions also are the same, and so are the
things that tend to produce or to destroy them. Look and see also, in a case
where one of two things is said to be something or other in a superlative
degree, if the other of these alleged identical things can also be described by a
superlative in the same respect. Thus Xenocrates argues that the happy life
and the good life are the same, seeing that of all forms of life the good life is
the most desirable and so also is the happy life: for āthe most desirableā and
the greatestā apply but to one thing.ā Likewise also in other cases of the kind.
Each, however, of the two things termed āgreatestā or most desirableā must be
numerically one: otherwise no proof will have been given that they are the
same; for it does not follow because Peloponnesians and Spartans are the
bravest of the Greeks, that Peloponnesians are the same as Spartans, seeing
that āPeloponnesianā is not any one person nor yet āSpartanā; it only follows
that the one must be included under the other as āSpartansā are under
āPeloponnesiansā: for otherwise, if the one class be not included under the
other, each will be better than the other. For then the Peloponnesians are
bound to be better than the Spartans, seeing that the one class is not included
under the other; for they are better than anybody else. Likewise also the
Spartans must perforce be better than the Peloponnesians; for they too are
317
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book The Complete Aristotle"
The Complete Aristotle
- Title
- The Complete Aristotle
- Author
- Aristotle
- Date
- ~322 B.C.
- Language
- English
- License
- PD
- Size
- 21.0 x 29.7 cm
- Pages
- 2328
- Keywords
- Philosophy, Antique, Philosophie, Antike, Dialogues, Metaphysik, Metaphysics, Ideologie, Ideology, Englisch
- Categories
- Geisteswissenschaften
- International
Table of contents
- Part 1; Logic (Organon) 3
- Categories 4
- On Interpretation 34
- Prior Analytics, Book I 56
- Prior Analytics, Book II 113
- Posterior Analytics, Book I 149
- Posterior Analytics, Book II 193
- Topics, Book I 218
- Topics, Book II 221
- Topics, Book III 237
- Topics, Book IV 248
- Topics, Book V 266
- Topics, Book VI 291
- Topics, Book VII 317
- Topics, Book VIII 326
- On Sophistical Refutations 348
- Part 2; Universal Physics 396
- Physics, Book I 397
- Physics, Book II 415
- Physics, Book III 432
- Physics, Book IV 449
- Physics, Book V 481
- Physics, Book VI 496
- Physics, Book VII 519
- Physics, Book VIII 533
- On the Heavens, Book I 570
- On the Heavens, Book II 599
- On the Heavens, Book III 624
- On the Heavens, Book IV 640
- On Generation and Corruption, Book I 651
- On Generation and Corruption, Book II 685
- Meteorology, Book I 707
- Meteorology, Book II 733
- Meteorology, Book III 760
- Meteorology, Book IV 773
- Part 3; Human Physics 795
- On the Soul, Book I 796
- On the Soul, Book II 815
- On the Soul, Book III 840
- On Sense and the Sensible 861
- On Memory and Reminiscence 889
- On Sleep and Sleeplessness 899
- On Dreams 909
- On Prophesying by Dreams 918
- On Longevity and the Shortness of Life 923
- On Youth, Old Age, Life and Death, and Respiration 929
- Part 4; Animal Physics 952
- The History of Animals, Book I 953
- The History of Animals, Book II translated 977
- The History of Animals, Book III 1000
- The History of Animals, Book IV 1029
- The History of Animals, Book V 1056
- The History of Animals, Book VI 1094
- The History of Animals, Book VII 1135
- The History of Animals, Book VIII 1150
- The History of Animals, Book IX 1186
- On the Parts of Animals, Book I 1234
- On the Parts of Animals, Book II 1249
- On the Parts of Animals, Book III 1281
- On the Parts of Animals, Book IV 1311
- On the Motion of Animals 1351
- On the Gait of Animals 1363
- On the Generation of Animals, Book I 1381
- On the Generation of Animals, Book II 1412
- On the Generation of Animals, Book III 1444
- On the Generation of Animals, Book IV 1469
- On the Generation of Animals, Book V 1496
- Part 5; Metaphysics 1516
- Part 6; Ethics and Politics 1748
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book I 1749
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book II 1766
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book III 1779
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book IV 1799
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book V 1817
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VI 1836
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VII 1851
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VIII 1872
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book IX 1890
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book X 1907
- Politics, Book I 1925
- Politics, Book II 1943
- Politics, Book III 1970
- Politics, Book IV 1997
- Politics, Book V 2023
- Politics, Book VI 2053
- Politics, Book VII 2065
- Politics, Book VIII 2091
- The Athenian Constitution 2102
- Part 7; Aesthetic Writings 2156