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On the Parts of Animals, Book I
Translated by William Ogle
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1
Every systematic science, the humblest and the noblest alike, seems to
admit of two distinct kinds of proficiency; one of which may be properly
called scientific knowledge of the subject, while the other is a kind of
educational acquaintance with it. For an educated man should be able to form
a fair off-hand judgement as to the goodness or badness of the method used
by a professor in his exposition. To be educated is in fact to be able to do this;
and even the man of universal education we deem to be such in virtue of his
having this ability. It will, however, of course, be understood that we only
ascribe universal education to one who in his own individual person is thus
critical in all or nearly all branches of knowledge, and not to one who has a
like ability merely in some special subject. For it is possible for a man to have
this competence in some one branch of knowledge without having it in all.
It is plain then that, as in other sciences, so in that which inquires into
nature, there must be certain canons, by reference to which a hearer shall be
able to criticize the method of a professed exposition, quite independently of
the question whether the statements made be true or false. Ought we, for
instance (to give an illustration of what I mean), to begin by discussing each
separate species-man, lion, ox, and the like-taking each kind in hand inde.
pendently of the rest, or ought we rather to deal first with the attributes which
they have in common in virtue of some common element of their nature, and
proceed from this as a basis for the consideration of them separately? For
genera that are quite distinct yet oftentimes present many identical
phenomena, sleep, for instance, respiration, growth, decay, death, and other
similar affections and conditions, which may be passed over for the present,
as we are not yet prepared to treat of them with clearness and precision. Now
it is plain that if we deal with each species independently of the rest, we shall
frequently be obliged to repeat the same statements over and over again; for
horse and dog and man present, each and all, every one of the phenomena just
enumerated. A discussion therefore of the attributes of each such species
separately would necessarily involve frequent repetitions as to characters,
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book The Complete Aristotle"
The Complete Aristotle
- Title
- The Complete Aristotle
- Author
- Aristotle
- Date
- ~322 B.C.
- Language
- English
- License
- PD
- Size
- 21.0 x 29.7 cm
- Pages
- 2328
- Keywords
- Philosophy, Antique, Philosophie, Antike, Dialogues, Metaphysik, Metaphysics, Ideologie, Ideology, Englisch
- Categories
- Geisteswissenschaften
- International
Table of contents
- Part 1; Logic (Organon) 3
- Categories 4
- On Interpretation 34
- Prior Analytics, Book I 56
- Prior Analytics, Book II 113
- Posterior Analytics, Book I 149
- Posterior Analytics, Book II 193
- Topics, Book I 218
- Topics, Book II 221
- Topics, Book III 237
- Topics, Book IV 248
- Topics, Book V 266
- Topics, Book VI 291
- Topics, Book VII 317
- Topics, Book VIII 326
- On Sophistical Refutations 348
- Part 2; Universal Physics 396
- Physics, Book I 397
- Physics, Book II 415
- Physics, Book III 432
- Physics, Book IV 449
- Physics, Book V 481
- Physics, Book VI 496
- Physics, Book VII 519
- Physics, Book VIII 533
- On the Heavens, Book I 570
- On the Heavens, Book II 599
- On the Heavens, Book III 624
- On the Heavens, Book IV 640
- On Generation and Corruption, Book I 651
- On Generation and Corruption, Book II 685
- Meteorology, Book I 707
- Meteorology, Book II 733
- Meteorology, Book III 760
- Meteorology, Book IV 773
- Part 3; Human Physics 795
- On the Soul, Book I 796
- On the Soul, Book II 815
- On the Soul, Book III 840
- On Sense and the Sensible 861
- On Memory and Reminiscence 889
- On Sleep and Sleeplessness 899
- On Dreams 909
- On Prophesying by Dreams 918
- On Longevity and the Shortness of Life 923
- On Youth, Old Age, Life and Death, and Respiration 929
- Part 4; Animal Physics 952
- The History of Animals, Book I 953
- The History of Animals, Book II translated 977
- The History of Animals, Book III 1000
- The History of Animals, Book IV 1029
- The History of Animals, Book V 1056
- The History of Animals, Book VI 1094
- The History of Animals, Book VII 1135
- The History of Animals, Book VIII 1150
- The History of Animals, Book IX 1186
- On the Parts of Animals, Book I 1234
- On the Parts of Animals, Book II 1249
- On the Parts of Animals, Book III 1281
- On the Parts of Animals, Book IV 1311
- On the Motion of Animals 1351
- On the Gait of Animals 1363
- On the Generation of Animals, Book I 1381
- On the Generation of Animals, Book II 1412
- On the Generation of Animals, Book III 1444
- On the Generation of Animals, Book IV 1469
- On the Generation of Animals, Book V 1496
- Part 5; Metaphysics 1516
- Part 6; Ethics and Politics 1748
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book I 1749
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book II 1766
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book III 1779
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book IV 1799
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book V 1817
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VI 1836
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VII 1851
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VIII 1872
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book IX 1890
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book X 1907
- Politics, Book I 1925
- Politics, Book II 1943
- Politics, Book III 1970
- Politics, Book IV 1997
- Politics, Book V 2023
- Politics, Book VI 2053
- Politics, Book VII 2065
- Politics, Book VIII 2091
- The Athenian Constitution 2102
- Part 7; Aesthetic Writings 2156