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Nicomachean Ethics, Book V
Translated by W. D. Ross
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1
With regards to justice and injustice we must (1) consider what kind of
actions they are concerned with, (2) what sort of mean justice is, and (3)
between what extremes the just act is intermediate. Our investigation shall
follow the same course as the preceding discussions.
We see that all men mean by justice that kind of state of character which
makes people disposed to do what is just and makes them act justly and wish
for what is just; and similarly by injustice that state which makes them act
unjustly and wish for what is unjust. Let us too, then, lay this down as a
general basis. For the same is not true of the sciences and the faculties as of
states of character. A faculty or a science which is one and the same is held to
relate to contrary objects, but a state of character which is one of two
contraries does not produce the contrary results; e.g. as a result of health we
do not do what is the opposite of healthy, but only what is healthy; for we say
a man walks healthily, when he walks as a healthy man would.
Now often one contrary state is recognized from its contrary, and often
states are recognized from the subjects that exhibit them; for (A) if good
condition is known, bad condition also becomes known, and (B) good
condition is known from the things that are in good condition, and they from
it. If good condition is firmness of flesh, it is necessary both that bad
condition should be flabbiness of flesh and that the wholesome should be that
which causes firmness in flesh. And it follows for the most part that if one
contrary is ambiguous the other also will be ambiguous; e.g. if âjustâ is so, that
âunjustâ will be so too.
Now âjusticeâ and âinjusticeâ seem to be ambiguous, but because their
different meanings approach near to one another the ambiguity escapes notice
and is not obvious as it is, comparatively, when the meanings are far apart,
e.g. (for here the difference in outward form is great) as the ambiguity in the
use of kleis for the collar-bone of an animal and for that with which we lock a
door. Let us take as a starting-point, then, the various meanings of âan unjust
1817
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The Complete Aristotle
- Title
- The Complete Aristotle
- Author
- Aristotle
- Date
- ~322 B.C.
- Language
- English
- License
- PD
- Size
- 21.0 x 29.7 cm
- Pages
- 2328
- Keywords
- Philosophy, Antique, Philosophie, Antike, Dialogues, Metaphysik, Metaphysics, Ideologie, Ideology, Englisch
- Categories
- Geisteswissenschaften
- International
Table of contents
- Part 1; Logic (Organon) 3
- Categories 4
- On Interpretation 34
- Prior Analytics, Book I 56
- Prior Analytics, Book II 113
- Posterior Analytics, Book I 149
- Posterior Analytics, Book II 193
- Topics, Book I 218
- Topics, Book II 221
- Topics, Book III 237
- Topics, Book IV 248
- Topics, Book V 266
- Topics, Book VI 291
- Topics, Book VII 317
- Topics, Book VIII 326
- On Sophistical Refutations 348
- Part 2; Universal Physics 396
- Physics, Book I 397
- Physics, Book II 415
- Physics, Book III 432
- Physics, Book IV 449
- Physics, Book V 481
- Physics, Book VI 496
- Physics, Book VII 519
- Physics, Book VIII 533
- On the Heavens, Book I 570
- On the Heavens, Book II 599
- On the Heavens, Book III 624
- On the Heavens, Book IV 640
- On Generation and Corruption, Book I 651
- On Generation and Corruption, Book II 685
- Meteorology, Book I 707
- Meteorology, Book II 733
- Meteorology, Book III 760
- Meteorology, Book IV 773
- Part 3; Human Physics 795
- On the Soul, Book I 796
- On the Soul, Book II 815
- On the Soul, Book III 840
- On Sense and the Sensible 861
- On Memory and Reminiscence 889
- On Sleep and Sleeplessness 899
- On Dreams 909
- On Prophesying by Dreams 918
- On Longevity and the Shortness of Life 923
- On Youth, Old Age, Life and Death, and Respiration 929
- Part 4; Animal Physics 952
- The History of Animals, Book I 953
- The History of Animals, Book II translated 977
- The History of Animals, Book III 1000
- The History of Animals, Book IV 1029
- The History of Animals, Book V 1056
- The History of Animals, Book VI 1094
- The History of Animals, Book VII 1135
- The History of Animals, Book VIII 1150
- The History of Animals, Book IX 1186
- On the Parts of Animals, Book I 1234
- On the Parts of Animals, Book II 1249
- On the Parts of Animals, Book III 1281
- On the Parts of Animals, Book IV 1311
- On the Motion of Animals 1351
- On the Gait of Animals 1363
- On the Generation of Animals, Book I 1381
- On the Generation of Animals, Book II 1412
- On the Generation of Animals, Book III 1444
- On the Generation of Animals, Book IV 1469
- On the Generation of Animals, Book V 1496
- Part 5; Metaphysics 1516
- Part 6; Ethics and Politics 1748
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book I 1749
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book II 1766
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book III 1779
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book IV 1799
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book V 1817
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VI 1836
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VII 1851
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VIII 1872
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book IX 1890
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book X 1907
- Politics, Book I 1925
- Politics, Book II 1943
- Politics, Book III 1970
- Politics, Book IV 1997
- Politics, Book V 2023
- Politics, Book VI 2053
- Politics, Book VII 2065
- Politics, Book VIII 2091
- The Athenian Constitution 2102
- Part 7; Aesthetic Writings 2156