Page - 196 - in Cyborg Mind - What Brain–Computer and Mind–Cyberspace Interfaces Mean for Cyberneuroethics

196 • Cyborg Mind 56. Farah et al., ‘Neurocognitive Enhancement’, 422. However, this might be considered as treatment if it is designed to alleviate the effects of recognised health impairments such as post-traumatic stress disorder. 57. Presidential Commission of the Study of Bioethical Issues, ‘Gray Matters’, vol. 2, 40. 58. Kaufman, IQ Testing 101. 59. This corresponds to the regulations in Opinion No. 20 of the European Group on Ethics (EGE) in Science and New Technologies to the European Commission: Secretariat of the EGE, The Ethical Aspects of Information and Communication Technology Implants in the Human Body: Opinion No. 20, 16 March 2005, 33–35. 60. Locke, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, II, XXVII, 9. 61. Ibid. 62. The inability to distinguish useful from meaningless information is believed to be one of the features of autism. 63. Lagali, Corcoran, and Picketts, ‘Hippocampus Development and Function’. 64. Graham-Rowe, ‘World’s First Brain Prosthesis Revealed’; Lagali, Corcoran, and Picketts, ‘Hippocampus Development and Function’. 65. Lipsman and Glannon, ‘Brain, Mind and Machine’. 66. Nsanze, ‘ICT Implants in the Human Body’, 145; Erden, ‘Neural Implants’. 67. Baard, ‘Guilt-Free Soldier’; Spezio, ‘Human or Vulcan?’, 146. 68. See DARPA, Reorganization and Plasticity to Accelerate Injury Recovery (REPAIR). 69. Spezio, ‘Human or Vulcan?’, 147. 70. Shachtman, ‘Darpa Chief Speaks’. 71. Harlow, ‘Meet the Cyborgs’. 72. Kurzweil, How to Build a Mind, 246. 73. Spezio, ‘Human or Vulcan?’, 146. 74. Secretariat of the EGE, The Ethical Aspects of ICT Implants in the Human Body, 61. 75. Presidential Commission of the Study of Bioethical Issues, ‘Gray Matters’, vol. 2, 36. 76. Kurzweil, The Singularity is Near, 23. 77. Ibid., 9. 78. Ibid., 7. 79. Agar, Humanity’s End, 35. 80. Kurzweil, The Singularity is Near, 9, 136. 81. Agar, Humanity’s End, 7. 82. Kurzweil, The Singularity is Near, 486. 83. Ibid., 29. 84. Greenfield, Tomorrow’s People, 46. 85. Singer, ‘A Determinist View of Brain, Mind and Consciousness’, 41–48. 86. Frith and Frith, ‘The Social Brain’. 87. Singer, ‘A Determinist View of Brain, Mind and Consciousness’, 41–48. 88. Rappaport, ‘The Neuroscientific Foundations of Free Will’, 3–23. 89. Presidential Commission of the Study of Bioethical Issues, Gray Matters, vol. 2, 43. 90. Jotterand, ‘Moral Enhancement’, 48. 91. Lipsman and Glannon, ‘Brain, Mind and Machine’. 92. Damasio, Self Comes to Mind; Spence, The Actor’s Brain. 93. Singer, ‘A Determinist View of Brain, Mind and Consciousness’, 41–48. 94. Walter, Neurophilosophy of Free Will; Meynen, ‘Free Will and Mental Disorder’. 95. Kane, ‘Rethinking Free Will’, 389. 96. Kane, The Significance of Free Will. As a libertarian, Kane believes that free will is incompatible with causal determinism. This open access edition has been made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license thanks to the support of Knowledge Unlatched. Not for resale.