Page - 494 - in Ernst Fuchs (1851-1930) - und die Weltgeltung der Wiener Ophthalmologischen Schule um 1900

Gabriela Schmidt-Wyklicky, Ernst Fuchs (1851-1930)494 important contribution dedicated particularly to the causes and prevention of blindness in a 250-page book that was written nearly fi fty years ago. At the Fourth International Congress of Hygiene in 1882 a prize of eighty pounds was off ered by some unknown English person for the best essay on the ‘Causes and Prevention of Blindness’. Th e prize was awarded to Professor Fuchs in Paris, France, on the one hundredth anniversary of the Foundation of the First Asylum for the Blind by Huey 1548. [Die Verleihung fand in Den Haag statt, Anm. d. Verf.] […] Let us remember as physicians that while it is true that the practise of ophthalmology in all lands is devoted to the conservation of vision and the prevention of blindness, Professor Fuchs’ book clearly demonstrated that the clinic hospital and laboratory alone even at their best are not suffi cient for the most successful eff orts toward these ends. Th e intelligent and well-controlled co-operation of physicians, teachers, parents, publicists, architects, hygienists, eugenists, nurses, midwives, social economists, illuminating engineers, printers, and so forth – in fact, of all the people all the time is needed. […] […] Professor Fuchs’ prize essay is out of print. […] To those of us who read this remarkable volume today comes the realization that therein is given to the world its ‘Decalogue’ for the prevention of blindness. It contains the suggestion and often the detailed instructions according to which all that has since been done in this fi eld of human endeavor has been developed. Professor Fuchs is the great leader who calls humanity forth from the bondage of darkness, of ignorance and indiff erence, and points the way toward the promised land where every man shall know how to conserve his own eyesight and all shall work together so that needless blindness may be banished from the face of the earth. It is a great honor to introduce Professor Fuchs to you this evening.” 1549 Japan Die hohe Reputation der deutschsprachigen Universitäten und besonders jene der medizinischen Ausbildung in Deutschland und Österreich löste im 19. Jahrhundert, als Japan sich für die westliche Kultur und Medizin1550 öff nete1551, die bisherige Dominanz niederländischer Professoren an japa- nischen Universitäten ab. Handel und Wissenschaftskontakte mit dem deutschsprachigen Raum intensivierten sich. Eine wachsende Anzahl japa- nischer Studenten aller Sparten verbrachte einige Semester an deutschspra- chigen Universitäten. Besonders in der Heilkunde kamen darüber hinaus auch zahlreiche bereits promovierte japanische Ärzte zur Ausbildung nach Deutschland, Österreich und in die Schweiz, um ihre Kenntnisse zu ver- tiefen und danach in ihrer Heimat zu verbreiten. An mehreren wichtigen