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Charge Transport in DNA - Insights from Simulations
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TheoreticalBackground dependmainlyontheiratomistic structure,whichcanbedescribedwith forcefield basedmethodsverywell. To describe the atomistic structure, MM methods condense the electronic struc- ture with the nuclei and therefore depict the atoms in a classical manner. The correspondingenergyof suchaclassical systemisdue to thebondedand thenon- bonded interactions between the atoms. Atoms connected with each other with covalentbonds formcertainanglesanddihedrals,whichareassignedpotential en- ergy terms that contribute to the total energy. Atoms that are not bound to each other directly interact in terms of theCoulomb interaction and the van-der-Waals forces. The energy is calculated from all these different bonded and non-bonded interactions. Equation2.1 shows the total energyof anMMsystem. E = 1 2 ∑bonds kb(rb−r0b)2+ 1 2 ∑angles kθa(θa−θ0a)2 + 1 2 ∑dihedrals Vn [1+cos(nωn−ω0)] (2.1) + N−1 ∑ i N ∑ j=i+1 [ 4 ij [ ( σij rij )12−(σij rij )6 ] + qiqj 4π 0rij ] Someparametersneedtobedeterminedinadvancetocalculate the totalenergyfor themolecule. For all different bond types such asC-CorC=C,which are present in themolecule, a force constant kb and an equilibriumbond length r0b has to be supplied. Thesameis truefor theforceconstants (ka)andequilibriumvalues(θ0a)of alldifferent angles. Three setsofparameters arenecessary, themultiplicity (n), the correspondingenergy (Vn) and thephase shifts (ω0n) for thedescriptionofdihedral angles. Thenon-bonded interactionsare theelectrostaticCoulombinteractionof theatom- centered charges and a combination of the van-der-Waals interactions with the Pauli repulsion. Fortheformer, thechargesqiof theatomsareobtainedwithafitof theelectrostaticpotentialof thewholemoleculeobtainedfromQCcalculations.[50] The latter canbedescribedefficientlyandwith sufficient accuracyby theLennard- Jones(LJ)potential. Here, theparameters ijandσijdescribethedepthandlocation of the LJ potential. All these parameters are fitted toQM calculations or experi- 12
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Charge Transport in DNA Insights from Simulations
Titel
Charge Transport in DNA
Untertitel
Insights from Simulations
Autor
Mario Wolter
Verlag
KIT Scientific Publishing
Datum
2013
Sprache
englisch
Lizenz
CC BY-SA 3.0
ISBN
978-3-7315-0082-7
Abmessungen
17.0 x 24.0 cm
Seiten
156
Schlagwörter
Charge Transport, Charge Transfer, DNA, Molecular Dynamics, Quantum Mechanics
Kategorien
Naturwissenschaften Chemie

Inhaltsverzeichnis

  1. Zusammenfassung 1
  2. Summary 3
  3. 1 Introduction 5
  4. 2 TheoreticalBackground 11
    1. 2.1 MolecularMechanics 11
    2. 2.2 MolecularDynamicsSimulation 13
      1. 2.2.1 Solving theEquationsofMotion 14
      2. 2.2.2 ThermodynamicEnsembles 15
    3. 2.3 QuantumChemistry 18
      1. 2.3.1 DensityFunctionalTheory 18
      2. 2.3.2 ApproximativeDFT–Density-FunctionalTight-Binding 21
    4. 2.4 DynamicsofExcessCharge inDNA 24
      1. 2.4.1 TheMulti-ScaleFramework 25
      2. 2.4.2 TheFragmentOrbitalApproach 26
    5. 2.5 ChargeTransport inDNA 29
      1. 2.5.1 Landauer–BüttikerFramework 29
    6. 2.6 ChargeTransfer inDNA 32
      1. 2.6.1 Basics ofChargeTransfer 32
      2. 2.6.2 Non-adiabaticPropagationSchemes 34
  5. 3 SimulationSetup 39
    1. 3.1 TheDNAMolecule 39
      1. 3.1.1 InvestigatedDNASequences 42
    2. 3.2 MDSimulationofDNA 44
    3. 3.3 DNAunderMechanical Stress 45
    4. 3.4 MicrohydratedDNA 46
  6. 4 DNAUnderExperimentalConditions 49
    1. 4.1 FreeMDSimulations 50
    2. 4.2 TheStructuralChangesofDNAuponStretching 51
    3. 4.3 IrreversibilityofDNAStretching inSimulations 56
    4. 4.4 Effects ofLowHydration 58
    5. 4.5 Effects ofDecreased IonContent 62
    6. 4.6 Effect ofWater and Ionson theStretchingProfileofDNA 64
    7. 4.7 Conclusion 67
  7. 5 ChargeTransport inStretchedDNA 69
    1. 5.1 InvestigatedSequences andStructures 69
    2. 5.2 ChargeTransportCalculations 71
    3. 5.3 SequenceDependentChargeTransport 73
    4. 5.4 DetailedStructuralDifferences 74
    5. 5.5 Conclusion 76
  8. 6 ChargeTransport inMicrohydratedDNA 79
    1. 6.1 InvestigatedSequences andStructures 79
    2. 6.2 ChargeTransferParameters 80
    3. 6.3 ChargeTransportCalculations 84
    4. 6.4 DirectDynamicsofChargeTransfer 86
    5. 6.5 Conclusion 87
  9. 7 AParametrizedModel toSimulateCT inDNA 89
    1. 7.1 Creating theElectronicCouplings 90
    2. 7.2 Modeling the IonizationPotentials 93
    3. 7.3 TestingwithChargeTransportCalculations 97
    4. 7.4 ChargeTransferExtensions 98
    5. 7.5 TestingwithChargeTransferMethods 102
    6. 7.6 Conclusion 103
  10. 8 Conclusion 105
  11. Appendix 111
  12. A DNAUnderExperimentalConditions 111
    1. A.1 TheStructuralChangesofDNAuponStretching 111
    2. A.2 Effect ofLowHydrationandDecreased IonContent 112
    3. A.3 StretchingofMicrohydratedDNA 116
  13. B CTinMicrohydratedDNA 117
    1. B.1 HelicalParameters -CompleteOverview 117
    2. B.2 ElectronicCouplings 118
    3. B.3 IonizationPotentials 119
    4. B.4 ESP InducedbyDifferentGroupsofAtoms 122
    5. B.5 DistanceofChargedAtomGroups fromtheHelicalAxis 123
  14. List ofPublications 137
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