Page - 43 - in The Complete Aristotle

not’. Again we have the propositions: ‘every man is, ‘every man is not’, ‘all that is not-man is’, ‘all that is not-man is not’. The same classification holds good with regard to such periods of time as lie outside the present. When the verb ‘is’ is used as a third element in the sentence, there can be positive and negative propositions of two sorts. Thus in the sentence ‘man is just’ the verb ‘is’ is used as a third element, call it verb or noun, which you will. Four propositions, therefore, instead of two can be formed with these materials. Two of the four, as regards their affirmation and denial, correspond in their logical sequence with the propositions which deal with a condition of privation; the other two do not correspond with these. I mean that the verb ‘is’ is added either to the term ‘just’ or to the term ‘not- just’, and two negative propositions are formed in the same way. Thus we have the four propositions. Reference to the subjoined table will make matters clear: < tbody> A. Affirmation. Man is just B. Denial. Man is not just \ / / \ D. Denial. Man is not not-just C. Affirmation. Man is not-just Here ‘is’ and ‘is not’ are added either to ‘just’ or to ‘not-just’. This then is the proper scheme for these propositions, as has been said in the Analytics. The same rule holds good, if the subject is distributed. Thus we have the table: < tbody> A’. Affirmation. Every man is just B’. Denial. Not every man is just \ / / \ D’. Denial. Not every man is not-just C’. Affirmation. Every man is not-just. 43