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premisses more generally rejected than the conclusion clearly do not reason
correctly: hence, when men ask these things, they ought not to be granted.
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div id=“section75” class=“section” title=“7”>
7
The questioner should be met in a like manner also in the case of terms
used obscurely, i.e. in several senses. For the answerer, if he does not
understand, is always permitted to say ‘I do not understand’: he is not
compelled to reply ‘Yes’ or ‘No’ to a question which may mean different
things. Clearly, then, in the first place, if what is said be not clear, he ought
not to hesitate to say that he does not understand it; for often people encounter
some difficulty from assenting to questions that are not clearly put. If he
understands the question and yet it covers many senses, then supposing what
it says to be universally true or false, he should give it an unqualified assent
or denial: if, on the other hand, it be partly true and partly false, he should add
a comment that it bears different senses, and also that in one it is true, in the
other false: for if he leave this distinction till later, it becomes uncertain
whether originally as well he perceived the ambiguity or not. If he does not
foresee the ambiguity, but assents to the question having in view the one
sense of the words, then, if the questioner takes it in the other sense, he should
say, ‘That was not what I had in view when I admitted it; I meant the other
sense’: for if a term or expression covers more than one thing, it is easy to
disagree. If, however, the question is both clear and simple, he should answer
either ‘Yes’ or ‘No’.
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div id=“section76” class=“section” title=“8”>
8
A premiss in reasoning always either is one of the constituent elements in
the reasoning, or else goes to establish one of these: (and you can always tell
when it is secured in order to establish something else by the fact of a number
of similar questions being put: for as a rule people secure their universal by
means either of induction or of likeness):-accordingly the particular
propositions should all be admitted, if they are true and generally held. On the
other hand, against the universal one should try to bring some negative
instance; for to bring the argument to a standstill without a negative instance,
337
back to the
book The Complete Aristotle"
The Complete Aristotle
- Title
- The Complete Aristotle
- Author
- Aristotle
- Date
- ~322 B.C.
- Language
- English
- License
- PD
- Size
- 21.0 x 29.7 cm
- Pages
- 2328
- Keywords
- Philosophy, Antique, Philosophie, Antike, Dialogues, Metaphysik, Metaphysics, Ideologie, Ideology, Englisch
- Categories
- Geisteswissenschaften
- International
Table of contents
- Part 1; Logic (Organon) 3
- Categories 4
- On Interpretation 34
- Prior Analytics, Book I 56
- Prior Analytics, Book II 113
- Posterior Analytics, Book I 149
- Posterior Analytics, Book II 193
- Topics, Book I 218
- Topics, Book II 221
- Topics, Book III 237
- Topics, Book IV 248
- Topics, Book V 266
- Topics, Book VI 291
- Topics, Book VII 317
- Topics, Book VIII 326
- On Sophistical Refutations 348
- Part 2; Universal Physics 396
- Physics, Book I 397
- Physics, Book II 415
- Physics, Book III 432
- Physics, Book IV 449
- Physics, Book V 481
- Physics, Book VI 496
- Physics, Book VII 519
- Physics, Book VIII 533
- On the Heavens, Book I 570
- On the Heavens, Book II 599
- On the Heavens, Book III 624
- On the Heavens, Book IV 640
- On Generation and Corruption, Book I 651
- On Generation and Corruption, Book II 685
- Meteorology, Book I 707
- Meteorology, Book II 733
- Meteorology, Book III 760
- Meteorology, Book IV 773
- Part 3; Human Physics 795
- On the Soul, Book I 796
- On the Soul, Book II 815
- On the Soul, Book III 840
- On Sense and the Sensible 861
- On Memory and Reminiscence 889
- On Sleep and Sleeplessness 899
- On Dreams 909
- On Prophesying by Dreams 918
- On Longevity and the Shortness of Life 923
- On Youth, Old Age, Life and Death, and Respiration 929
- Part 4; Animal Physics 952
- The History of Animals, Book I 953
- The History of Animals, Book II translated 977
- The History of Animals, Book III 1000
- The History of Animals, Book IV 1029
- The History of Animals, Book V 1056
- The History of Animals, Book VI 1094
- The History of Animals, Book VII 1135
- The History of Animals, Book VIII 1150
- The History of Animals, Book IX 1186
- On the Parts of Animals, Book I 1234
- On the Parts of Animals, Book II 1249
- On the Parts of Animals, Book III 1281
- On the Parts of Animals, Book IV 1311
- On the Motion of Animals 1351
- On the Gait of Animals 1363
- On the Generation of Animals, Book I 1381
- On the Generation of Animals, Book II 1412
- On the Generation of Animals, Book III 1444
- On the Generation of Animals, Book IV 1469
- On the Generation of Animals, Book V 1496
- Part 5; Metaphysics 1516
- Part 6; Ethics and Politics 1748
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book I 1749
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book II 1766
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book III 1779
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book IV 1799
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book V 1817
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VI 1836
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VII 1851
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VIII 1872
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book IX 1890
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book X 1907
- Politics, Book I 1925
- Politics, Book II 1943
- Politics, Book III 1970
- Politics, Book IV 1997
- Politics, Book V 2023
- Politics, Book VI 2053
- Politics, Book VII 2065
- Politics, Book VIII 2091
- The Athenian Constitution 2102
- Part 7; Aesthetic Writings 2156