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supports: for because it is just in this particular case or in this particular
manner, it is not also just absolutely. Likewise also, though things are unjust,
there is nothing to prevent the speaking of them being just: for because to
speak of things is just, there is no necessity that the things should be just, any
more than because to speak of things be of use, the things need be of use.
Likewise also in the case of what is just. So that it is not the case that because
the things spoken of are unjust, the victory goes to him who speaks unjust
things: for he speaks of things that are just to speak of, though absolutely, i.e.
to suffer, they are unjust.
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26
Refutations that depend on the definition of a refutation must, according to
the plan sketched above, be met by comparing together the conclusion with its
contradictory, and seeing that it shall involve the same attribute in the same
respect and relation and manner and time. If this additional question be put at
the start, you should not admit that it is impossible for the same thing to be
both double and not double, but grant that it is possible, only not in such a
way as was agreed to constitute a refutation of your case. All the following
arguments depend upon a point of that kind. ‘Does a man who knows A to be
A, know the thing called A?’ and in the same way, ‘is one who is ignorant that
A is A ignorant of the thing called A?’ ‘Yes.’ ‘But one who knows that
Coriscus is Coriscus might be ignorant of the fact that he is musical, so that
he both knows and is ignorant of the same thing.’ Is a thing four cubits long
greater than a thing three cubits long?’ ‘Yes.’ ‘But a thing might grow from
three to four cubits in length; ‘now what is ‘greater’ is greater than a ‘less’:
accordingly the thing in question will be both greater and less than itself in
the same respect.
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27
As to refutations that depend on begging and assuming the original point to
be proved, suppose the nature of the question to be obvious, one should not
grant it, even though it be a view generally held, but should tell him the truth.
Suppose, however, that it escapes one, then, thanks to the badness of
387
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book The Complete Aristotle"
The Complete Aristotle
- Title
- The Complete Aristotle
- Author
- Aristotle
- Date
- ~322 B.C.
- Language
- English
- License
- PD
- Size
- 21.0 x 29.7 cm
- Pages
- 2328
- Keywords
- Philosophy, Antique, Philosophie, Antike, Dialogues, Metaphysik, Metaphysics, Ideologie, Ideology, Englisch
- Categories
- Geisteswissenschaften
- International
Table of contents
- Part 1; Logic (Organon) 3
- Categories 4
- On Interpretation 34
- Prior Analytics, Book I 56
- Prior Analytics, Book II 113
- Posterior Analytics, Book I 149
- Posterior Analytics, Book II 193
- Topics, Book I 218
- Topics, Book II 221
- Topics, Book III 237
- Topics, Book IV 248
- Topics, Book V 266
- Topics, Book VI 291
- Topics, Book VII 317
- Topics, Book VIII 326
- On Sophistical Refutations 348
- Part 2; Universal Physics 396
- Physics, Book I 397
- Physics, Book II 415
- Physics, Book III 432
- Physics, Book IV 449
- Physics, Book V 481
- Physics, Book VI 496
- Physics, Book VII 519
- Physics, Book VIII 533
- On the Heavens, Book I 570
- On the Heavens, Book II 599
- On the Heavens, Book III 624
- On the Heavens, Book IV 640
- On Generation and Corruption, Book I 651
- On Generation and Corruption, Book II 685
- Meteorology, Book I 707
- Meteorology, Book II 733
- Meteorology, Book III 760
- Meteorology, Book IV 773
- Part 3; Human Physics 795
- On the Soul, Book I 796
- On the Soul, Book II 815
- On the Soul, Book III 840
- On Sense and the Sensible 861
- On Memory and Reminiscence 889
- On Sleep and Sleeplessness 899
- On Dreams 909
- On Prophesying by Dreams 918
- On Longevity and the Shortness of Life 923
- On Youth, Old Age, Life and Death, and Respiration 929
- Part 4; Animal Physics 952
- The History of Animals, Book I 953
- The History of Animals, Book II translated 977
- The History of Animals, Book III 1000
- The History of Animals, Book IV 1029
- The History of Animals, Book V 1056
- The History of Animals, Book VI 1094
- The History of Animals, Book VII 1135
- The History of Animals, Book VIII 1150
- The History of Animals, Book IX 1186
- On the Parts of Animals, Book I 1234
- On the Parts of Animals, Book II 1249
- On the Parts of Animals, Book III 1281
- On the Parts of Animals, Book IV 1311
- On the Motion of Animals 1351
- On the Gait of Animals 1363
- On the Generation of Animals, Book I 1381
- On the Generation of Animals, Book II 1412
- On the Generation of Animals, Book III 1444
- On the Generation of Animals, Book IV 1469
- On the Generation of Animals, Book V 1496
- Part 5; Metaphysics 1516
- Part 6; Ethics and Politics 1748
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book I 1749
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book II 1766
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book III 1779
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book IV 1799
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book V 1817
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VI 1836
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VII 1851
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VIII 1872
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book IX 1890
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book X 1907
- Politics, Book I 1925
- Politics, Book II 1943
- Politics, Book III 1970
- Politics, Book IV 1997
- Politics, Book V 2023
- Politics, Book VI 2053
- Politics, Book VII 2065
- Politics, Book VIII 2091
- The Athenian Constitution 2102
- Part 7; Aesthetic Writings 2156