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demolition, and yet it does not reveal clearly which it is of the premisses
asked, whose demolition, or the drawing of a distinction within it, will bring
the solution about, but even leaves it vague whether it is on the conclusion or
on one of the premisses that the deception depends.
Now sometimes an argument which has not been properly reasoned is silly,
supposing the assumptions required to be extremely contrary to the general
view or false; but sometimes it ought not to be held in contempt. For
whenever some question is left out, of the kind that concerns both the subject
and the nerve of the argument, the reasoning that has both failed to secure this
as well, and also failed to reason properly, is silly; but when what is omitted is
some extraneous question, then it is by no means to be lightly despised, but
the argument is quite respectable, though the questioner has not put his
questions well.
Just as it is possible to bring a solution sometimes against the argument, at
others against the questioner and his mode of questioning, and at others
against neither of these, likewise also it is possible to marshal one’s questions
and reasoning both against the thesis, and against the answerer and against the
time, whenever the solution requires a longer time to examine than the period
available.
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34
As to the number, then, and kind of sources whence fallacies arise in
discussion, and how we are to show that our opponent is committing a fallacy
and make him utter paradoxes; moreover, by the use of what materials
solescism is brought about, and how to question and what is the way to
arrange the questions; moreover, as to the question what use is served by all
arguments of this kind, and concerning the answerer’s part, both as a whole in
general, and in particular how to solve arguments and solecisms-on all these
things let the foregoing discussion suffice. It remains to recall our original
proposal and to bring our discussion to a close with a few words upon it.
Our programme was, then, to discover some faculty of reasoning about any
theme put before us from the most generally accepted premisses that there
are. For that is the essential task of the art of discussion (dialectic) and of
examination (peirastic). Inasmuch, however, as it is annexed to it, on account
of the near presence of the art of sophistry (sophistic), not only to be able to
conduct an examination dialectically but also with a show of knowledge, we
393
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book The Complete Aristotle"
The Complete Aristotle
- Title
- The Complete Aristotle
- Author
- Aristotle
- Date
- ~322 B.C.
- Language
- English
- License
- PD
- Size
- 21.0 x 29.7 cm
- Pages
- 2328
- Keywords
- Philosophy, Antique, Philosophie, Antike, Dialogues, Metaphysik, Metaphysics, Ideologie, Ideology, Englisch
- Categories
- Geisteswissenschaften
- International
Table of contents
- Part 1; Logic (Organon) 3
- Categories 4
- On Interpretation 34
- Prior Analytics, Book I 56
- Prior Analytics, Book II 113
- Posterior Analytics, Book I 149
- Posterior Analytics, Book II 193
- Topics, Book I 218
- Topics, Book II 221
- Topics, Book III 237
- Topics, Book IV 248
- Topics, Book V 266
- Topics, Book VI 291
- Topics, Book VII 317
- Topics, Book VIII 326
- On Sophistical Refutations 348
- Part 2; Universal Physics 396
- Physics, Book I 397
- Physics, Book II 415
- Physics, Book III 432
- Physics, Book IV 449
- Physics, Book V 481
- Physics, Book VI 496
- Physics, Book VII 519
- Physics, Book VIII 533
- On the Heavens, Book I 570
- On the Heavens, Book II 599
- On the Heavens, Book III 624
- On the Heavens, Book IV 640
- On Generation and Corruption, Book I 651
- On Generation and Corruption, Book II 685
- Meteorology, Book I 707
- Meteorology, Book II 733
- Meteorology, Book III 760
- Meteorology, Book IV 773
- Part 3; Human Physics 795
- On the Soul, Book I 796
- On the Soul, Book II 815
- On the Soul, Book III 840
- On Sense and the Sensible 861
- On Memory and Reminiscence 889
- On Sleep and Sleeplessness 899
- On Dreams 909
- On Prophesying by Dreams 918
- On Longevity and the Shortness of Life 923
- On Youth, Old Age, Life and Death, and Respiration 929
- Part 4; Animal Physics 952
- The History of Animals, Book I 953
- The History of Animals, Book II translated 977
- The History of Animals, Book III 1000
- The History of Animals, Book IV 1029
- The History of Animals, Book V 1056
- The History of Animals, Book VI 1094
- The History of Animals, Book VII 1135
- The History of Animals, Book VIII 1150
- The History of Animals, Book IX 1186
- On the Parts of Animals, Book I 1234
- On the Parts of Animals, Book II 1249
- On the Parts of Animals, Book III 1281
- On the Parts of Animals, Book IV 1311
- On the Motion of Animals 1351
- On the Gait of Animals 1363
- On the Generation of Animals, Book I 1381
- On the Generation of Animals, Book II 1412
- On the Generation of Animals, Book III 1444
- On the Generation of Animals, Book IV 1469
- On the Generation of Animals, Book V 1496
- Part 5; Metaphysics 1516
- Part 6; Ethics and Politics 1748
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book I 1749
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book II 1766
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book III 1779
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book IV 1799
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book V 1817
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VI 1836
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VII 1851
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VIII 1872
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book IX 1890
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book X 1907
- Politics, Book I 1925
- Politics, Book II 1943
- Politics, Book III 1970
- Politics, Book IV 1997
- Politics, Book V 2023
- Politics, Book VI 2053
- Politics, Book VII 2065
- Politics, Book VIII 2091
- The Athenian Constitution 2102
- Part 7; Aesthetic Writings 2156