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6
Liquefaction is, first, condensation into water; second, the melting of a
solidified body. The first, condensation, is due to the cooling of vapour: what
melting is will appear from the account of solidification.
Whatever solidifies is either water or a mixture of earth and water, and the
agent is either dry heat or cold. Hence those of the bodies solidified by heat or
cold which are soluble at all are dissolved by their opposites. Bodies
solidified by the dry-hot are dissolved by water, which is the moist-cold,
while bodies solidified by cold are dissolved by fire, which is hot. Some
things seem to be solidified by water, e.g. boiled honey, but really it is not the
water but the cold in the water which effects the solidification. Aqueous
bodies are not solidified by fire: for it is fire that dissolves them, and the same
cause in the same relation cannot have opposite effects upon the same thing.
Again, water solidifies owing to the departure of heat; so it will clearly be
dissolved by the entry into it of heat: cold, therefore, must be the agent in
solidifying it.
Hence aqueous bodies do not thicken when they solidify; for thickening
occurs when the moisture goes off and the dry matter comes together, but
water is the only liquid that does not thicken. Those bodies that are made up
of both earth and water are solidified both by fire and by cold and in either
case are thickened. The operation of the two is in a way the same and in a
way different. Heat acts by drawing off the moisture, and as the moisture goes
off in vapour the dry matter thickens and collects. Cold acts by driving out the
heat, which is accompanied by the moisture as this goes off in vapour with it.
Bodies that are soft but not liquid do not thicken but solidify when the
moisture leaves them, e.g. potter’s clay in process of baking: but those mixed
bodies that are liquid thicken besides solidifying, like milk. Those bodies
which have first been thickened or hardened by cold often begin by becoming
moist: thus potter’s clay at first in the process of baking steams and grows
softer, and is liable to distortion in the ovens for that reason.
Now of the bodies solidified by cold which are made up both of earth and
water but in which the earth preponderates, those which solidify by the
departure of heat melt by heat when it enters into them again; this is the case
with frozen mud. But those which solidify by refrigeration, where all the
moisture has gone off in vapour with the heat, like iron and horn, cannot be
dissolved except by excessive heat, but they can be softened-though
manufactured iron does melt, to the point of becoming fluid and then
781
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book The Complete Aristotle"
The Complete Aristotle
- Title
- The Complete Aristotle
- Author
- Aristotle
- Date
- ~322 B.C.
- Language
- English
- License
- PD
- Size
- 21.0 x 29.7 cm
- Pages
- 2328
- Keywords
- Philosophy, Antique, Philosophie, Antike, Dialogues, Metaphysik, Metaphysics, Ideologie, Ideology, Englisch
- Categories
- Geisteswissenschaften
- International
Table of contents
- Part 1; Logic (Organon) 3
- Categories 4
- On Interpretation 34
- Prior Analytics, Book I 56
- Prior Analytics, Book II 113
- Posterior Analytics, Book I 149
- Posterior Analytics, Book II 193
- Topics, Book I 218
- Topics, Book II 221
- Topics, Book III 237
- Topics, Book IV 248
- Topics, Book V 266
- Topics, Book VI 291
- Topics, Book VII 317
- Topics, Book VIII 326
- On Sophistical Refutations 348
- Part 2; Universal Physics 396
- Physics, Book I 397
- Physics, Book II 415
- Physics, Book III 432
- Physics, Book IV 449
- Physics, Book V 481
- Physics, Book VI 496
- Physics, Book VII 519
- Physics, Book VIII 533
- On the Heavens, Book I 570
- On the Heavens, Book II 599
- On the Heavens, Book III 624
- On the Heavens, Book IV 640
- On Generation and Corruption, Book I 651
- On Generation and Corruption, Book II 685
- Meteorology, Book I 707
- Meteorology, Book II 733
- Meteorology, Book III 760
- Meteorology, Book IV 773
- Part 3; Human Physics 795
- On the Soul, Book I 796
- On the Soul, Book II 815
- On the Soul, Book III 840
- On Sense and the Sensible 861
- On Memory and Reminiscence 889
- On Sleep and Sleeplessness 899
- On Dreams 909
- On Prophesying by Dreams 918
- On Longevity and the Shortness of Life 923
- On Youth, Old Age, Life and Death, and Respiration 929
- Part 4; Animal Physics 952
- The History of Animals, Book I 953
- The History of Animals, Book II translated 977
- The History of Animals, Book III 1000
- The History of Animals, Book IV 1029
- The History of Animals, Book V 1056
- The History of Animals, Book VI 1094
- The History of Animals, Book VII 1135
- The History of Animals, Book VIII 1150
- The History of Animals, Book IX 1186
- On the Parts of Animals, Book I 1234
- On the Parts of Animals, Book II 1249
- On the Parts of Animals, Book III 1281
- On the Parts of Animals, Book IV 1311
- On the Motion of Animals 1351
- On the Gait of Animals 1363
- On the Generation of Animals, Book I 1381
- On the Generation of Animals, Book II 1412
- On the Generation of Animals, Book III 1444
- On the Generation of Animals, Book IV 1469
- On the Generation of Animals, Book V 1496
- Part 5; Metaphysics 1516
- Part 6; Ethics and Politics 1748
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book I 1749
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book II 1766
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book III 1779
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book IV 1799
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book V 1817
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VI 1836
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VII 1851
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VIII 1872
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book IX 1890
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book X 1907
- Politics, Book I 1925
- Politics, Book II 1943
- Politics, Book III 1970
- Politics, Book IV 1997
- Politics, Book V 2023
- Politics, Book VI 2053
- Politics, Book VII 2065
- Politics, Book VIII 2091
- The Athenian Constitution 2102
- Part 7; Aesthetic Writings 2156