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animals the uterus is dissimilar to that of both the vivipara and ovipara,
because they participate in both classes; for it is at once near the hypozoma
and also stretching along downwards in all the cartilaginous fishes. But the
facts about this and the other kinds of uterus must be gathered from inspection
of the drawings of dissections and from the Enquiries. Thus, because they are
oviparous, laying perfect eggs, they have the uterus placed high, but, as being
viviparous, low, participating in both classes.
Animals that are viviparous from the beginning all have it low, Nature here
having no other business to interfere with her, and their production having no
double character. Besides this, it is impossible for animals to be produced
alive near the hypozoma, for the foetus must needs be heavy and move, and
that region in the mother is vital and would not be able to bear the weight and
the movement. Thirdly, parturition would be difficult because of the length of
the passage to be traversed; even as it is there is difficulty with women if they
draw up the uterus in parturition by yawning or anything of the kind, and even
when empty it causes a feeling of suffocation if moved upwards. For if a
uterus is to hold a living animal it must be stronger than in ovipara, and
therefore in all the vivipara it is fleshy, whereas when the uterus is near the
hypozoma it is membranous. And this is clear also in the case of the animals
which produce young by the mixed method, for their eggs are high up and
sideways, but the living young are produced in the lower part of the uterus.
So much for the reason why differences are found in the uterus of various
animals, and generally why it is low in some and high in others near the
hypozoma.
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12
Why is the uterus always internal, but the testes sometimes internal,
sometimes external? The reason for the uterus always being internal is that in
this is contained the egg or foetus, which needs guarding, shelter, and
maturation by concoction, while the outer surface of the body is easily injured
and cold. The testes vary in position because they also need shelter and a
covering to preserve them and to mature the semen; for it would be
impossible for them, if chilled and stiffened, to be drawn up and discharge it.
Therefore, whenever the testes are visible, they have a cuticular covering
known as the scrotum. If the nature of the skin is opposed to this, being too
hard to be adapted for enclosing them or for being soft like a true ‘skin’, as
with the scaly integument of fish and reptiles, then the testes must needs be
1389
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book The Complete Aristotle"
The Complete Aristotle
- Title
- The Complete Aristotle
- Author
- Aristotle
- Date
- ~322 B.C.
- Language
- English
- License
- PD
- Size
- 21.0 x 29.7 cm
- Pages
- 2328
- Keywords
- Philosophy, Antique, Philosophie, Antike, Dialogues, Metaphysik, Metaphysics, Ideologie, Ideology, Englisch
- Categories
- Geisteswissenschaften
- International
Table of contents
- Part 1; Logic (Organon) 3
- Categories 4
- On Interpretation 34
- Prior Analytics, Book I 56
- Prior Analytics, Book II 113
- Posterior Analytics, Book I 149
- Posterior Analytics, Book II 193
- Topics, Book I 218
- Topics, Book II 221
- Topics, Book III 237
- Topics, Book IV 248
- Topics, Book V 266
- Topics, Book VI 291
- Topics, Book VII 317
- Topics, Book VIII 326
- On Sophistical Refutations 348
- Part 2; Universal Physics 396
- Physics, Book I 397
- Physics, Book II 415
- Physics, Book III 432
- Physics, Book IV 449
- Physics, Book V 481
- Physics, Book VI 496
- Physics, Book VII 519
- Physics, Book VIII 533
- On the Heavens, Book I 570
- On the Heavens, Book II 599
- On the Heavens, Book III 624
- On the Heavens, Book IV 640
- On Generation and Corruption, Book I 651
- On Generation and Corruption, Book II 685
- Meteorology, Book I 707
- Meteorology, Book II 733
- Meteorology, Book III 760
- Meteorology, Book IV 773
- Part 3; Human Physics 795
- On the Soul, Book I 796
- On the Soul, Book II 815
- On the Soul, Book III 840
- On Sense and the Sensible 861
- On Memory and Reminiscence 889
- On Sleep and Sleeplessness 899
- On Dreams 909
- On Prophesying by Dreams 918
- On Longevity and the Shortness of Life 923
- On Youth, Old Age, Life and Death, and Respiration 929
- Part 4; Animal Physics 952
- The History of Animals, Book I 953
- The History of Animals, Book II translated 977
- The History of Animals, Book III 1000
- The History of Animals, Book IV 1029
- The History of Animals, Book V 1056
- The History of Animals, Book VI 1094
- The History of Animals, Book VII 1135
- The History of Animals, Book VIII 1150
- The History of Animals, Book IX 1186
- On the Parts of Animals, Book I 1234
- On the Parts of Animals, Book II 1249
- On the Parts of Animals, Book III 1281
- On the Parts of Animals, Book IV 1311
- On the Motion of Animals 1351
- On the Gait of Animals 1363
- On the Generation of Animals, Book I 1381
- On the Generation of Animals, Book II 1412
- On the Generation of Animals, Book III 1444
- On the Generation of Animals, Book IV 1469
- On the Generation of Animals, Book V 1496
- Part 5; Metaphysics 1516
- Part 6; Ethics and Politics 1748
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book I 1749
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book II 1766
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book III 1779
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book IV 1799
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book V 1817
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VI 1836
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VII 1851
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VIII 1872
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book IX 1890
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book X 1907
- Politics, Book I 1925
- Politics, Book II 1943
- Politics, Book III 1970
- Politics, Book IV 1997
- Politics, Book V 2023
- Politics, Book VI 2053
- Politics, Book VII 2065
- Politics, Book VIII 2091
- The Athenian Constitution 2102
- Part 7; Aesthetic Writings 2156