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3
We must state whether it belongs to one or to different sciences to inquire
into the truths which are in mathematics called axioms, and into substance.
Evidently, the inquiry into these also belongs to one science, and that the
science of the philosopher; for these truths hold good for everything that is,
and not for some special genus apart from others. And all men use them,
because they are true of being qua being and each genus has being. But men
use them just so far as to satisfy their purposes; that is, as far as the genus to
which their demonstrations refer extends. Therefore since these truths clearly
hold good for all things qua being (for this is what is common to them), to
him who studies being qua being belongs the inquiry into these as well. And
for this reason no one who is conducting a special inquiry tries to say
anything about their truth or falsity,-neither the geometer nor the
arithmetician. Some natural philosophers indeed have done so, and their
procedure was intelligible enough; for they thought that they alone were
inquiring about the whole of nature and about being. But since there is one
kind of thinker who is above even the natural philosopher (for nature is only
one particular genus of being), the discussion of these truths also will belong
to him whose inquiry is universal and deals with primary substance. Physics
also is a kind of Wisdom, but it is not the first kind.-And the attempts of some
of those who discuss the terms on which truth should be accepted, are due to a
want of training in logic; for they should know these things already when they
come to a special study, and not be inquiring into them while they are
listening to lectures on it.
Evidently then it belongs to the philosopher, i.e. to him who is studying the
nature of all substance, to inquire also into the principles of syllogism. But he
who knows best about each genus must be able to state the most certain
principles of his subject, so that he whose subject is existing things qua
existing must be able to state the most certain principles of all things. This is
the philosopher, and the most certain principle of all is that regarding which it
is impossible to be mistaken; for such a principle must be both the best known
(for all men may be mistaken about things which they do not know), and non-
hypothetical. For a principle which every one must have who understands
anything that is, is not a hypothesis; and that which every one must know who
knows anything, he must already have when he comes to a special study.
Evidently then such a principle is the most certain of all; which principle this
is, let us proceed to say. It is, that the same attribute cannot at the same time
belong and not belong to the same subject and in the same respect; we must
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book The Complete Aristotle"
The Complete Aristotle
- Title
- The Complete Aristotle
- Author
- Aristotle
- Date
- ~322 B.C.
- Language
- English
- License
- PD
- Size
- 21.0 x 29.7 cm
- Pages
- 2328
- Keywords
- Philosophy, Antique, Philosophie, Antike, Dialogues, Metaphysik, Metaphysics, Ideologie, Ideology, Englisch
- Categories
- Geisteswissenschaften
- International
Table of contents
- Part 1; Logic (Organon) 3
- Categories 4
- On Interpretation 34
- Prior Analytics, Book I 56
- Prior Analytics, Book II 113
- Posterior Analytics, Book I 149
- Posterior Analytics, Book II 193
- Topics, Book I 218
- Topics, Book II 221
- Topics, Book III 237
- Topics, Book IV 248
- Topics, Book V 266
- Topics, Book VI 291
- Topics, Book VII 317
- Topics, Book VIII 326
- On Sophistical Refutations 348
- Part 2; Universal Physics 396
- Physics, Book I 397
- Physics, Book II 415
- Physics, Book III 432
- Physics, Book IV 449
- Physics, Book V 481
- Physics, Book VI 496
- Physics, Book VII 519
- Physics, Book VIII 533
- On the Heavens, Book I 570
- On the Heavens, Book II 599
- On the Heavens, Book III 624
- On the Heavens, Book IV 640
- On Generation and Corruption, Book I 651
- On Generation and Corruption, Book II 685
- Meteorology, Book I 707
- Meteorology, Book II 733
- Meteorology, Book III 760
- Meteorology, Book IV 773
- Part 3; Human Physics 795
- On the Soul, Book I 796
- On the Soul, Book II 815
- On the Soul, Book III 840
- On Sense and the Sensible 861
- On Memory and Reminiscence 889
- On Sleep and Sleeplessness 899
- On Dreams 909
- On Prophesying by Dreams 918
- On Longevity and the Shortness of Life 923
- On Youth, Old Age, Life and Death, and Respiration 929
- Part 4; Animal Physics 952
- The History of Animals, Book I 953
- The History of Animals, Book II translated 977
- The History of Animals, Book III 1000
- The History of Animals, Book IV 1029
- The History of Animals, Book V 1056
- The History of Animals, Book VI 1094
- The History of Animals, Book VII 1135
- The History of Animals, Book VIII 1150
- The History of Animals, Book IX 1186
- On the Parts of Animals, Book I 1234
- On the Parts of Animals, Book II 1249
- On the Parts of Animals, Book III 1281
- On the Parts of Animals, Book IV 1311
- On the Motion of Animals 1351
- On the Gait of Animals 1363
- On the Generation of Animals, Book I 1381
- On the Generation of Animals, Book II 1412
- On the Generation of Animals, Book III 1444
- On the Generation of Animals, Book IV 1469
- On the Generation of Animals, Book V 1496
- Part 5; Metaphysics 1516
- Part 6; Ethics and Politics 1748
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book I 1749
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book II 1766
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book III 1779
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book IV 1799
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book V 1817
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VI 1836
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VII 1851
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VIII 1872
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book IX 1890
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book X 1907
- Politics, Book I 1925
- Politics, Book II 1943
- Politics, Book III 1970
- Politics, Book IV 1997
- Politics, Book V 2023
- Politics, Book VI 2053
- Politics, Book VII 2065
- Politics, Book VIII 2091
- The Athenian Constitution 2102
- Part 7; Aesthetic Writings 2156