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evil; e.g. drinking the medicine is necessary in order that we may be cured of
disease, and a manâs sailing to Aegina is necessary in order that he may get
his money.-(2) The compulsory and compulsion, i.e. that which impedes and
tends to hinder, contrary to impulse and purpose. For the compulsory is called
necessary (whence the necessary is painful, as Evenus says: âFor every
necessary thing is ever irksomeâ), and compulsion is a form of necessity, as
Sophocles says: âBut force necessitates me to this actâ. And necessity is held
to be something that cannot be persuaded-and rightly, for it is contrary to the
movement which accords with purpose and with reasoning.-(3) We say that
that which cannot be otherwise is necessarily as it is. And from this sense of
ânecessaryâ all the others are somehow derived; for a thing is said to do or
suffer what is necessary in the sense of compulsory, only when it cannot act
according to its impulse because of the compelling forces-which implies that
necessity is that because of which a thing cannot be otherwise; and similarly
as regards the conditions of life and of good; for when in the one case good,
in the other life and being, are not possible without certain conditions, these
are necessary, and this kind of cause is a sort of necessity. Again,
demonstration is a necessary thing because the conclusion cannot be
otherwise, if there has been demonstration in the unqualified sense; and the
causes of this necessity are the first premisses, i.e. the fact that the
propositions from which the syllogism proceeds cannot be otherwise.
Now some things owe their necessity to something other than themselves;
others do not, but are themselves the source of necessity in other things.
Therefore the necessary in the primary and strict sense is the simple; for this
does not admit of more states than one, so that it cannot even be in one state
and also in another; for if it did it would already be in more than one. If, then,
there are any things that are eternal and unmovable, nothing compulsory or
against their nature attaches to them.
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6
âOneâ means (1) that which is one by accident, (2) that which is one by its
own nature. (1) Instances of the accidentally one are âCoriscus and what is
musicalâ, and âmusical Coriscusâ (for it is the same thing to say âCoriscus and
what is musicalâ, and âmusical Coriscusâ), and âwhat is musical and what is
justâ, and âmusical Coriscus and just Coriscusâ. For all of these are called one
by virtue of an accident, âwhat is just and what is musicalâ because they are
accidents of one substance, âwhat is musical and Coriscusâ because the one is
1582
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book The Complete Aristotle"
The Complete Aristotle
- Title
- The Complete Aristotle
- Author
- Aristotle
- Date
- ~322 B.C.
- Language
- English
- License
- PD
- Size
- 21.0 x 29.7 cm
- Pages
- 2328
- Keywords
- Philosophy, Antique, Philosophie, Antike, Dialogues, Metaphysik, Metaphysics, Ideologie, Ideology, Englisch
- Categories
- Geisteswissenschaften
- International
Table of contents
- Part 1; Logic (Organon) 3
- Categories 4
- On Interpretation 34
- Prior Analytics, Book I 56
- Prior Analytics, Book II 113
- Posterior Analytics, Book I 149
- Posterior Analytics, Book II 193
- Topics, Book I 218
- Topics, Book II 221
- Topics, Book III 237
- Topics, Book IV 248
- Topics, Book V 266
- Topics, Book VI 291
- Topics, Book VII 317
- Topics, Book VIII 326
- On Sophistical Refutations 348
- Part 2; Universal Physics 396
- Physics, Book I 397
- Physics, Book II 415
- Physics, Book III 432
- Physics, Book IV 449
- Physics, Book V 481
- Physics, Book VI 496
- Physics, Book VII 519
- Physics, Book VIII 533
- On the Heavens, Book I 570
- On the Heavens, Book II 599
- On the Heavens, Book III 624
- On the Heavens, Book IV 640
- On Generation and Corruption, Book I 651
- On Generation and Corruption, Book II 685
- Meteorology, Book I 707
- Meteorology, Book II 733
- Meteorology, Book III 760
- Meteorology, Book IV 773
- Part 3; Human Physics 795
- On the Soul, Book I 796
- On the Soul, Book II 815
- On the Soul, Book III 840
- On Sense and the Sensible 861
- On Memory and Reminiscence 889
- On Sleep and Sleeplessness 899
- On Dreams 909
- On Prophesying by Dreams 918
- On Longevity and the Shortness of Life 923
- On Youth, Old Age, Life and Death, and Respiration 929
- Part 4; Animal Physics 952
- The History of Animals, Book I 953
- The History of Animals, Book II translated 977
- The History of Animals, Book III 1000
- The History of Animals, Book IV 1029
- The History of Animals, Book V 1056
- The History of Animals, Book VI 1094
- The History of Animals, Book VII 1135
- The History of Animals, Book VIII 1150
- The History of Animals, Book IX 1186
- On the Parts of Animals, Book I 1234
- On the Parts of Animals, Book II 1249
- On the Parts of Animals, Book III 1281
- On the Parts of Animals, Book IV 1311
- On the Motion of Animals 1351
- On the Gait of Animals 1363
- On the Generation of Animals, Book I 1381
- On the Generation of Animals, Book II 1412
- On the Generation of Animals, Book III 1444
- On the Generation of Animals, Book IV 1469
- On the Generation of Animals, Book V 1496
- Part 5; Metaphysics 1516
- Part 6; Ethics and Politics 1748
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book I 1749
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book II 1766
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book III 1779
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book IV 1799
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book V 1817
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VI 1836
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VII 1851
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VIII 1872
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book IX 1890
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book X 1907
- Politics, Book I 1925
- Politics, Book II 1943
- Politics, Book III 1970
- Politics, Book IV 1997
- Politics, Book V 2023
- Politics, Book VI 2053
- Politics, Book VII 2065
- Politics, Book VIII 2091
- The Athenian Constitution 2102
- Part 7; Aesthetic Writings 2156