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It is clear also that the soul is the primary substance and the body is matter,
and man or animal is the compound of both taken universally; and ‘Socrates’
or ‘Coriscus’, if even the soul of Socrates may be called Socrates, has two
meanings (for some mean by such a term the soul, and others mean the
concrete thing), but if ‘Socrates’ or ‘Coriscus’ means simply this particular
soul and this particular body, the individual is analogous to the universal in its
composition.
Whether there is, apart from the matter of such substances, another kind of
matter, and one should look for some substance other than these, e.g. numbers
or something of the sort, must be considered later. For it is for the sake of this
that we are trying to determine the nature of perceptible substances as well,
since in a sense the inquiry about perceptible substances is the work of
physics, i.e. of second philosophy; for the physicist must come to know not
only about the matter, but also about the substance expressed in the formula,
and even more than about the other. And in the case of definitions, how the
elements in the formula are parts of the definition, and why the definition is
one formula (for clearly the thing is one, but in virtue of what is the thing one,
although it has parts?),-this must be considered later.
What the essence is and in what sense it is independent, has been stated
universally in a way which is true of every case, and also why the formula of
the essence of some things contains the parts of the thing defined, while that
of others does not. And we have stated that in the formula of the substance the
material parts will not be present (for they are not even parts of the substance
in that sense, but of the concrete substance; but of this there is in a sense a
formula, and in a sense there is not; for there is no formula of it with its
matter, for this is indefinite, but there is a formula of it with reference to its
primary substance-e.g. in the case of man the formula of the soul-, for the
substance is the indwelling form, from which and the matter the so-called
concrete substance is derived; e.g. concavity is a form of this sort, for from
this and the nose arise ‘snub nose’ and ‘snubness’); but in the concrete
substance, e.g. a snub nose or Callias, the matter also will be present. And we
have stated that the essence and the thing itself are in some cases the same; ie.
in the case of primary substances, e.g. curvature and the essence of curvature
if this is primary. (By a ‘primary’ substance I mean one which does not imply
the presence of something in something else, i.e. in something that underlies it
which acts as matter.) But things which are of the nature of matter, or of
wholes that include matter, are not the same as their essences, nor are
accidental unities like that of ‘Socrates’ and ‘musical’; for these are the same
only by accident.
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The Complete Aristotle
- Title
- The Complete Aristotle
- Author
- Aristotle
- Date
- ~322 B.C.
- Language
- English
- License
- PD
- Size
- 21.0 x 29.7 cm
- Pages
- 2328
- Keywords
- Philosophy, Antique, Philosophie, Antike, Dialogues, Metaphysik, Metaphysics, Ideologie, Ideology, Englisch
- Categories
- Geisteswissenschaften
- International
Table of contents
- Part 1; Logic (Organon) 3
- Categories 4
- On Interpretation 34
- Prior Analytics, Book I 56
- Prior Analytics, Book II 113
- Posterior Analytics, Book I 149
- Posterior Analytics, Book II 193
- Topics, Book I 218
- Topics, Book II 221
- Topics, Book III 237
- Topics, Book IV 248
- Topics, Book V 266
- Topics, Book VI 291
- Topics, Book VII 317
- Topics, Book VIII 326
- On Sophistical Refutations 348
- Part 2; Universal Physics 396
- Physics, Book I 397
- Physics, Book II 415
- Physics, Book III 432
- Physics, Book IV 449
- Physics, Book V 481
- Physics, Book VI 496
- Physics, Book VII 519
- Physics, Book VIII 533
- On the Heavens, Book I 570
- On the Heavens, Book II 599
- On the Heavens, Book III 624
- On the Heavens, Book IV 640
- On Generation and Corruption, Book I 651
- On Generation and Corruption, Book II 685
- Meteorology, Book I 707
- Meteorology, Book II 733
- Meteorology, Book III 760
- Meteorology, Book IV 773
- Part 3; Human Physics 795
- On the Soul, Book I 796
- On the Soul, Book II 815
- On the Soul, Book III 840
- On Sense and the Sensible 861
- On Memory and Reminiscence 889
- On Sleep and Sleeplessness 899
- On Dreams 909
- On Prophesying by Dreams 918
- On Longevity and the Shortness of Life 923
- On Youth, Old Age, Life and Death, and Respiration 929
- Part 4; Animal Physics 952
- The History of Animals, Book I 953
- The History of Animals, Book II translated 977
- The History of Animals, Book III 1000
- The History of Animals, Book IV 1029
- The History of Animals, Book V 1056
- The History of Animals, Book VI 1094
- The History of Animals, Book VII 1135
- The History of Animals, Book VIII 1150
- The History of Animals, Book IX 1186
- On the Parts of Animals, Book I 1234
- On the Parts of Animals, Book II 1249
- On the Parts of Animals, Book III 1281
- On the Parts of Animals, Book IV 1311
- On the Motion of Animals 1351
- On the Gait of Animals 1363
- On the Generation of Animals, Book I 1381
- On the Generation of Animals, Book II 1412
- On the Generation of Animals, Book III 1444
- On the Generation of Animals, Book IV 1469
- On the Generation of Animals, Book V 1496
- Part 5; Metaphysics 1516
- Part 6; Ethics and Politics 1748
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book I 1749
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book II 1766
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book III 1779
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book IV 1799
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book V 1817
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VI 1836
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VII 1851
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VIII 1872
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book IX 1890
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book X 1907
- Politics, Book I 1925
- Politics, Book II 1943
- Politics, Book III 1970
- Politics, Book IV 1997
- Politics, Book V 2023
- Politics, Book VI 2053
- Politics, Book VII 2065
- Politics, Book VIII 2091
- The Athenian Constitution 2102
- Part 7; Aesthetic Writings 2156